Shielded Metal Arc Welding (yofupikitsidwa ngati SMAW).Mfundo yake ndi: arc imapangidwa pakati pa electrode yokutidwa ndi zitsulo zoyambira, ndi njira yowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha kwa arc kusungunula electrode ndi zitsulo zoyambira.Mbali yakunja ya elekitirodi yokutidwa ndi kuwotcherera flux ndi kusungunuka pamene kutentha, amene ali ndi ntchito zokhazikika arc, kupanga slag, deoxidizing, ndi kuyenga.Chifukwa chimafuna zida zosavuta komanso ntchito zosinthika, zimatha kuwotcherera mosavuta ku ma welds opangidwa ndi malo osiyanasiyana komanso zolumikizira zosiyanasiyana mumlengalenga.Choncho, amagwiritsidwabe ntchito kwambiri panopa.
Chithunzi 1: Kulumikizidwa kwa Metal Arc Welding-kulumikizana
Kuwotcherera kwa arc pamanja kukuwonetsedwa pachithunzichi:
Pamaso kuwotcherera, kulumikiza welded workpiece ndi mbano kuwotcherera kwa mizati iwiri ya makina kuwotcherera magetsi ndi amachepetsa kuwotcherera ndodo ndi kuwotcherera mbano.Pa kuwotcherera, ndodo yowotcherera ndi chogwirira ntchito zimalumikizana nthawi yomweyo, ndikupanga dera lalifupi, kenako zimalekanitsidwa ndi mtunda wina (pafupifupi 2-4mm), ndipo arc imayaka.
Chithunzi 2: Shielded Metal Arc Welding-ndondomeko
Chogwirira ntchito pansi pa arc nthawi yomweyo chimasungunuka kupanga dziwe losungunuka la theka-oval.Pambuyo ❖ kuyanika ma elekitirodi kusungunuka, mbali yake imakhala mpweya wozungulira arc kuti adzilekanitse ndi mpweya, potero kuteteza madzi zitsulo ku mpweya ndi nayitrogeni;mbali yake imakhala yosungunuka, kapena kupopera mu dziwe losungunuka lokha, kapena kusungunuka ndi pakati Madontho osungunuka azitsulo zamadzimadzi amawapopera pamodzi ku dziwe losungunuka.
Mu arc ndi dziwe losungunuka, zitsulo zamadzimadzi, slag ndi arc gasi zidzasintha zina ndi zina za thupi ndi mankhwala, monga kusungunuka kwa gasi muzitsulo zamadzimadzi komanso kuchepetsa oxidation.Gasi ndi slag mu dziwe losungunuka zimayandama chifukwa cha kulemera kwake.Pamene arc imachotsedwa, kutentha kumatsika ndipo chitsulo ndi slag zidzalimba chimodzi ndi chimodzi.Mwanjira imeneyi, zidutswa ziwiri zazitsulo zimaphatikizidwa ndi chitsulo chosungunuka ndi chonyezimira.Chifukwa shrinkage ya slag ndi yosiyana ndi zitsulo, izo zidzazembera pa slag chipolopolo ndi malire zitsulo, ndi slag chipolopolo akhoza kugwa basi, kapena kugwa pambuyo anagogoda, ndi zitsulo weld msoko ndi mamba nsomba. akhoza kuwululidwa.
Zida zazikulu za kuwotcherera kwa arc ndi makina opangira magetsi.Makina owotcherera magetsi ndi gwero lamphamvu lomwe limapanga kuwotcherera arc, ndipo pali mitundu iwiri ya AC ndi DC.Pakalipano, pali mitundu yambiri ya makina owotcherera magetsi opangidwa ku China, omwe amatha kugawidwa m'makina opangira magetsi a AC ndi makina opangira magetsi a DC malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo.
Pali njira ziwiri zolumikizira makina owotcherera a DC.Pamene elekitirodi chikugwirizana ndi elekitirodi zoipa ndi workpiece chikugwirizana ndi elekitirodi zabwino, ndi zabwino kugwirizana njira;chosiyana ndi njira yolumikizira kumbuyo.Nthawi zambiri, powotcherera ndi alkaline low-hydrogen elekitirodi (mongaE7018, E7016), kuti arc awotche mokhazikika, akulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana ya DC;pogwiritsira ntchito electrode ya asidi (mongaE6013, J422) kuwotcherera mbale zitsulo wandiweyani, njira yolumikizira kutsogolo imagwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa gawo la anode Kutentha ndipamwamba kuposa gawo la cathode, ndipo njira yolumikizira kutsogolo imatha kuzama kwambiri;powotcherera mbale zachitsulo zopyapyala ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo, njira yolumikizira m'mbuyo imagwiritsidwa ntchito.Pamene kuwotcherera ndi alternating panopa, popeza polarity kusintha alternately, palibe chifukwa kusankha polarity kugwirizana.
Zida zowotcherera zopangira kuwotcherera pamanja ndi ndodo yowotcherera yamagetsi, yomwe imakhala ndi chitsulo chapakati ndi zokutira kunja kwapakati pachitsulo (OnaninsoThe zikuchokera kuwotcherera elekitirodi).
Welding pachimake
Udindo wa pachimake zitsulo (kuwotcherera pachimake) makamaka kuchititsa magetsi ndi kupanga waikamo chitsulo ndi zina zikuchokera pa mapeto a elekitirodi.Chowotcherera pachimake chikhoza kupangidwa ndi zitsulo zosiyanasiyana.The zikuchokera kuwotcherera pachimake zimakhudza mwachindunji zikuchokera ndi ntchito wa waikamo zitsulo.Choncho, kuwotcherera pachimake chofunika kuchepetsa zili zinthu zoipa.Kuphatikiza pakuchepetsa S ndi P, ndodo zina zowotcherera zimafunikira kuti nsonga zowotcherera ziziwongolera Monga, Sb, Sn ndi zinthu zina.
Chithunzi 3: Tianqiao kuwotcherera elekitirodi E6013
Chovala cha flux
Kupaka kwa electrode kumatha kutchedwanso utoto.Cholinga chachikulu chochiyika pachimake ndikuwongolera ntchito yowotcherera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chitsulo choyikidwacho chimakhala ndi kapangidwe kake ndi magwiridwe antchito.Zovala za elekitirodi zitha kusakanikirana ndi mazana amafuta opangira zinthu monga oxides, carbonates, silicates, organics, fluorides, ferroalloys ndi mankhwala opangidwa molingana ndi chiŵerengero cha chilinganizo china.Zopangira zosiyanasiyana zitha kugawidwa m'magulu otsatirawa malinga ndi udindo wawo pakuyika ma elekitirodi:
1. Stabilizer imapangitsa kuti electrode ikhale yosavuta kuyambitsa arc ndipo imatha kusunga arc mokhazikika panthawi yowotcherera.Chilichonse chomwe chili chosavuta kuyika ionize chikhoza kukhazikika pa arc.Nthawi zambiri, zitsulo zamchere ndi zitsulo zamchere zamchere, monga potaziyamu carbonate, sodium carbonate, marble, etc., zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2. Slag-forming agent amatha kupanga slag yosungunuka ndi zinthu zina zakuthupi ndi mankhwala panthawi yowotcherera, kuphimba pamwamba pa chitsulo chosungunuka, kuteteza dziwe lowotcherera ndikuwongolera mawonekedwe a weld.
3. Deoxidizer kudzera muzitsulo zamagetsi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera kuti muchepetse mpweya wa okosijeni muzitsulo zowotcherera ndikuwongolera makina a weld.Ma deoxidizers akuluakulu ndi ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ndi ferro-titaniyamu.
4. Wothandizira mpweya amatha kulekanitsa ndi kumasula gasi pansi pa kutentha kwa arc kuti ateteze arc ndi dziwe losungunuka ndikuletsa kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya ndi nayitrogeni mumlengalenga wozungulira.
5. Alloying agent Amagwiritsidwa ntchito polipira kuwotcha kwa zinthu za alloy ndi kusintha kwa zinthu za alloy ku weld panthawi yowotcherera kuti zitsimikizire kuti zitsulo zowotcherera zimapeza zofunikira za mankhwala ndi ntchito.
6. Mafuta opangira pulasitiki Wonjezerani pulasitiki, kutsetsereka ndi kutsekemera kwa ufa wophimba muzitsulo zowotcherera kuti mupititse patsogolo kukakamiza kwa ndodo yowotcherera ndikuchepetsa kutsekemera.
7. Zomatira Pangani ufa wopaka utoto kukhala ndi kukhuthala kwina pa nthawi yopangira mphira, ukhoza kumangiriza mwamphamvu ndi nsonga yowotcherera, ndikupangitsa kuti ndodo yowotcherera ikhale ndi mphamvu inayake itatha kuyanika.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-27-2021