Pa maphatikizidwe kuwotcherera, pansi pa zochita za kuwotcherera kutentha gwero, madzi zitsulo mbali ndi ena mawonekedwe a geometric anapanga pa weldment ndi chitsulo chosungunula elekitirodi zitsulo ndi pang`ono osungunuka m`munsi zitsulo ndi dziwe losungunuka.Pambuyo kuzirala, imakhala weld, kotero kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kumakhudza mwachindunji khalidwe la kuwotcherera.
Ngati kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kuli kwakukulu, dziwe losungunuka ndi lalikulu, ndipo chitsulo chosungunuka chimakhala ndi madzi abwino, malo osakanikirana ndi osavuta kusakaniza;koma kutentha kukakhala kokwera kwambiri, chitsulo chosungunula chimakhala chosavuta kudontha, ndipo mbali yakumbuyo ya kuwotcherera mbali imodzi ndi kupanga mbali ziwiri ndikosavuta kuwotcha, kupanga ma weld tokhala, ndi mawonekedwe.Ndizovuta kulamulira, ndipo pulasitiki ya mgwirizano imachepetsedwa, ndipo chophatikiziracho chimakhala chosavuta kusweka;pamene kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kuli kochepa, dziwe losungunuka limakhala laling'ono, chitsulo chosungunuka chimakhala chakuda, ndipo madzi amadzimadzi amakhala ochepa.Ndikosavuta kutulutsa zilema monga kulowa kosakwanira, kusowa kwa kuphatikizika, ndi kuphatikiza kwa slag.
Choncho, kulamulira bwino kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka ndilofunika kwambiri kuti muwonetsetse kuti kuwotcherera ndi ubwino wa mankhwala omalizidwa.
Chithunzi 1 Tianqiao kuwotcherera
Kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi kuwotcherera pakali pano, kukula kwa electrode, njira yoyendetsera, ngodya ya electrode, ndi nthawi yoyaka arc.Njira zotsatirazi zimatengedwa kuti zithetse kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka malinga ndi zofunikira.
1. Kuwotcherera panopa ndi electrode awiri
Zinthu ziwirizi ndizofunikira pakuwotcherera, ndipo ziwirizi zimakhalanso ndi mgwirizano wosalekanitsidwa.Pa kuwotcherera maphatikizidwe, yapano yomwe ikuyenda kumbuyo kudzera mu weldment imatchedwa kuwotcherera pano.Kuzama kwa electrode kumatanthawuza kukula kwa gawo lalikulu la ndodo yachitsulo yodzaza.Mwachidule, ngati ndodo yowotcherera imatha kusungunuka bwino imatsimikiziridwa ndi zomwe zadutsa.
Ngati panopa ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, n'zovuta kuyambitsa arc, electrode ndi yosavuta kumamatira ku weldment, mamba a nsomba ndi aakulu, ndipo mbali ziwirizo sizikuphatikizidwa;ngati panopa ndi yaikulu kwambiri, kuwotcherera ndi utsi pa kuwotcherera kudzakhala kwakukulu, electrode idzakhala yofiira, ndipo pamwamba pa dziwe losungunuka lidzakhala lowala kwambiri.Ndiosavuta kuwotcha ndikudutsa;pompopompo ikakhala yoyenera, ndiyosavuta kuyatsa ndipo arc imakhala yokhazikika, kuwaza kumakhala kochepa, kumveka kokulirapo kwa yunifolomu, mbali ziwiri za msoko wowotcherera zikusintha bwino kupita kuzinthu zoyambira, mamba a nsomba zam'madzi ndizovuta kwambiri. woonda, ndi kuwotcherera slag ndi kosavuta Knock out.Pakugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake, pali maubwenzi ovuta.
1.1 Sankhani kuwotcherera pano ndi ma elekitirodi awiri malinga ndi malo a weld
Poyimirira, yopingasa komanso yowongoka, yapano ndi yaying'ono mofanana ndi yowotcherera yosalala, ndipo yapanoyo nthawi zambiri imayenera kukhala yaying'ono pafupifupi 10% kuposa yowotcherera yosalala.
Mofananamo, m'malo ofukula, opingasa, ndi oongoka, m'mimba mwake mwa electrode nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono kusiyana ndi yowotcherera.Mwachitsanzo, mu kuwotcherera lathyathyathya mbale lathyathyathya lalikulu kuposa 12mm, elekitirodi 5.0mm nthawi zambiri ntchito., Ndipo pali pafupifupi palibe elekitirodi ndi awiri a 5.0mm mu ofukula, yopingasa ndi yoongoka malo.
1.2 The kuwotcherera panopa ndi elekitirodi awiri amasankhidwa malinga ndi kuwotcherera mlingo wa weld.
Mwachitsanzo, kwa 12mm lathyathyathya mbale matako olowa, 3.2mmMa electrodes a Tianqiaoamagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa wosanjikiza pansi wa kuwotcherera lathyathyathya, ndi kuwotcherera panopa ndi 90-110A, ndi 4.0mm.Ma electrodes a Tianqiaoangagwiritsidwe ntchito kudzaza ndi chivundikiro wosanjikiza, ndipo kuwotcherera panopa ndi 160-175A.
Choncho, kusankha wololera wa kuwotcherera panopa ndi awiri a elekitirodi mosavuta kulamulira kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka, amene ali maziko abwino weld mapangidwe.Ngati kuwotcherera kwapano kuli kochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwa dziwe la weld kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc ikhale yosakhazikika, ndipo chogwirira ntchito sichingawotchedwe.Ngati kuwotcherera kwapano kuli kokwera kwambiri ndipo kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kuli kokwera kwambiri, kungayambitse kuwotchera kwakukulu ndi kutuluka kwachitsulo chosungunuka, ngakhalenso kuwotcha pachogwirira ntchito kupanga mikanda yowotcherera.
Ubale pakati pa kuwotcherera panopa ndi awiri a elekitirodi zalembedwa pansipa.Mutha kupanga chisankho choyenera kutengera zomwe mwakumana nazo kapena zomwe mumakonda.Simufunikanso kudziwa magawo ofanana ndi ena, bola ngati mukuwona kuti ndi oyenera ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ma weld amapangidwa bwino.
2. Kuyendetsa ndodo yowotcherera
Thendodo yowotchereraamadyetsedwa molunjika ku dziwe losungunuka m'mbali mwa olamulira.Ndodo yowotcherera ikasungunuka, kutalika kwa arc kumatha kusungidwa.Chifukwa chake, liwiro la ndodo yowotcherera polowera dziwe losungunuka limayenera kukhala lofanana ndi liwiro losungunuka la ndodo yowotcherera.
Ngati liwiro la kudyetsa la electrode ndilotsika kuposa kuthamanga kwa electrode, kutalika kwa arc kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc asokonezeke;ngati kuthamanga kwa electrode kuli mofulumira kwambiri, kutalika kwa arc kudzafupikitsidwa mofulumira, ndipo mapeto a electrode adzakhala ofupikitsidwa pokhudzana ndi weldment.Chotsani arc.
Chithunzi 2 Tianqiao kuwotcherera
3. Mbali yobereka ndi malo odyetserako
Pa kuwotcherera, ngodya ya elekitirodi ayenera kusintha ndi malo kuwotcherera, ndipo nthawi zonse kusunga kutentha kwa dziwe osungunula mbali zonse za m'mphepete osamveka koyenera.Ngati kutentha kuli kwakukulu, kumayambitsa kuwotcha, ndipo ngati kuli kochepa kwambiri, kumayambitsa zochitika zosakwanira kulowa ndi kuphatikizika.Pamene ngodya pakati pa electrode ndi njira yowotcherera ndi madigiri 90, arc imakhala yokhazikika ndipo kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka ndilokwera;
Ngati ngodyayo ikhala yaying'ono, arc imabalalika ndipo kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka kumakhala kotsika.Mwachitsanzo, ngati pansi wosanjikiza wa 12mm lathyathyathya kuwotcherera chisindikizo, ngati kuwotcherera ndodo ngodya ndi madigiri 50-70, kutentha kwa dziwe wosungunuka adzakhala adatchithisira pa nthawi ino, ndi chodabwitsa cha kuwotcherera mkanda kapena kuwuka kumbuyo mbali. amapewa.Mwachitsanzo, pambuyo kusintha kuwotcherera ndodo pansi pa 12mm mbale ofukula kuwotcherera chisindikizo, timagwiritsa ntchito 90-95 digiri kuwotcherera ndodo ngodya ponyamula kuwotcherera ndodo, kuti kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka liwonjezeke msanga, dzenje losungunuka limatha kutsegulidwa bwino, ndipo kumbuyo kumapangidwa mopanda phokoso, komwe kumatha kuyendetsedwa bwino.Chodabwitsa kuti mfundo olowa ndi concave.
Ngati ma elekitirodi chakudya malo sikokwanira, zingachititse osakwanira malowedwe kapena poyambira clamping.Chifukwa chakuti arc imabalalika panthawiyi, kutentha kosungunuka kwa m'mphepete mwazitsulo sikukwanira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu zapansi zikhale pansi;ngati mukufuna kusungunuka kwathunthu zitsulo, muyenera kuwonjezera nthawi yosungunuka.Kuwotcherera, kusanjika kwamitundu ingapo kwa dziwe losungunuka kumatulutsa chodabwitsa chophatikizika cha slag.
Njira yolondola ndikukulitsa ndodo yowotcherera m'mphepete mwa nsonga ya 75 digiri, kugwirizanitsa zinthu zoyambira kuti zisungunuke ndikugwedezeka kumbali zonse ziwiri, chilichonse chimatenga pafupifupi 1 sekondi, mpaka pano dziwe loyamba losungunuka limapangidwa. kenako nkulowa lotsatira Kupangidwa kwa dziwe losungunuka.Panthawiyi, nthawi yosungunuka ya dziwe lililonse losungunuka ndi lalifupi ndipo kulemera kwake ndi kopepuka, ndipo sikoyenera kuchititsa kugwa, ndipo chotupa chowotcherera sichidzapanga.Mphepo yozama imathandizanso kuti chivundikirocho chiwotcherera.
Dziwe losungunuka lotsirizirali limakwirira 2/3 ya lapitalo.Dziwe lililonse losungunuka limakhala lochepa thupi, ndipo lotsirizirali limagwira ntchito yosungunuka pambuyo pa kutentha pa lapitalo, kuonetsetsa kuti gasi mu dziwe losungunuka ali ndi nthawi yokwanira kusefukira ndikuletsa kuti asapangidwe.Stomata.
Chithunzi 3 Tianqiao kuwotcherera
4. Nthawi yoyaka arc
Mchitidwe kuphunzitsa yopingasa ndi ofukula zokhazikika kuwotcherera 57 × 3.5 mapaipi, arc-kuswa njira ntchito kuwotcherera.Mukayamba kuwotcherera, kutentha kwachitsulo m'munsi kumakhala kochepa.Ngati ndodo yowotchererayo siiyikidwa m'mphepete mwa poyambira, chitsulo chosungunulacho chimabwerera mwachangu ndikutulutsa mafupi.Mapangidwe a weld adzakhalanso apamwamba komanso opapatiza, omwe sangakwaniritse zotsatira zosalala kwambiri, ndipo zimakhala zosavuta Zomwe zimapangidwira sizimasakanikirana.
Kuwunika kuchokera ku mawonekedwe a dziwe losungunuka, ngati liri mu mawonekedwe a dontho lakugwa, mawonekedwe a welded si abwino, ndipo mikanda yowotcherera imatha kuchitika.Chifukwa chake, chowotchereracho chiyenera kutenthedwa bwino kuchokera pakuwotcherera pamwamba.Mbali pakati pa electrode ndi chitoliro ndi madigiri 75.Pambuyo poyatsa arc, arc imatambasulidwa kuti itenthetse.Dontho loyamba lachitsulo chosungunuka pamutu wa electrode litagwa, electrode imatumizidwa.
Kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka panthawiyi kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kukula kwa dziwe losungunuka ndi m'lifupi mwake ndi 1 mm, kotero kuti mazikowo akhoza kusungunuka kwathunthu mu dontho kuti apange weld.
Mu ntchito kuwotcherera kwenikweni, m'pofunika kuphunzira kuona kusintha kwa kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka ndi kudziwa njira bwino kulamulira kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka, lomwe ndilo maziko a kuphunzira luso kuwotcherera.M'pofunika kuti athe kuweruza kuwotcherera ndodo ngodya, kudyetsa malo ndi kusungunuka nthawi malinga ndi dziwe losungunuka la gawo lililonse, mwamsanga kumvetsa luso ntchito mbali zingapo zofunika, ndipo patapita nthawi ya maphunziro enieni, luso mlingo adzakhala bwino. mofulumira, ndi kuchuluka kwa zochitika za zofooka zosiyanasiyana kuwotcherera Kutsika kwambiri, kusintha mphamvu mphamvu mu zovuta zomangira kuwotcherera, zomwe zimathandiza kuti patsogolo luso kuwotcherera m'tsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-15-2021