Zitsulo zapamwamba za carbon zimatanthauza chitsulo cha carbon ndi w (C) choposa 0.6%, chomwe chimakhala ndi chizolowezi cholimba kuposa chitsulo chapakati cha carbon, ndipo chimapanga martensite apamwamba kwambiri, omwe amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mapangidwe a ming'alu yozizira.Nthawi yomweyo, kapangidwe ka martensite komwe kamapangidwa m'malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa kuwotcherera kumakhala kolimba komanso kolimba, komwe kumabweretsa kuchepa kwakukulu kwa pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwa mgwirizano.Choncho, weldability wa mkulu-mpweya zitsulo ndi osauka ndithu, ndipo ndondomeko kuwotcherera wapadera ayenera anatengera kuonetsetsa ntchito olowa..Choncho, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri muzitsulo zowotcherera.Chitsulo cha carbon high chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pamakina omwe amafunikira kuuma kwakukulu ndi kukana kuvala, monga ma shafts, magiya akuluakulu ndi ma couplings.Pofuna kupulumutsa zitsulo ndi kuphweka ukadaulo wokonza, mbali zamakinazi nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa ndi zida zowotcherera.Kuwotcherera zigawo zapamwamba za zitsulo za carbon kumakumananso mu zomangamanga zolemera zamakina.Popanga njira yowotcherera yowotcherera zitsulo zamtundu wa carbon, zofooka zamtundu uliwonse zomwe zingachitike ziyenera kufufuzidwa mozama, ndipo njira zofananira zowotcherera ziyenera kutengedwa.
1. Weldability wa mkulu mpweya zitsulo
1.1 Njira yowotcherera
Mpweya wa carbon zitsulo umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mapangidwe omwe ali ndi kuuma kwambiri komanso kukana kwambiri kuvala, kotero njira zazikulu zowotcherera ndi electrode arc kuwotcherera, brazing ndi kuwotcherera arc pansi pamadzi.
1.2 Zida zowotcherera
Kuwotcherera kwachitsulo cha carbon high nthawi zambiri sikufuna mphamvu zofanana pakati pa olowa ndi zitsulo zoyambira.Maelekitirodi otsika a haidrojeni okhala ndi mphamvu yamphamvu ya desulfurization, chitsulo chotsika cha haidrojeni chotayika, komanso kulimba kwabwino nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa kuti aziwotcherera ma elekitirodi.Pamene mphamvu ya chitsulo chowotcherera ndi chitsulo choyambira chikufunika, electrode yotsika ya haidrojeni ya mlingo wofanana iyenera kusankhidwa;pamene mphamvu ya chitsulo chowotcherera ndi chitsulo choyambira sichifunikira, electrode yotsika ya haidrojeni yokhala ndi mphamvu yotsika kuposa yazitsulo zoyambira ziyenera kusankhidwa.Elekitirodi yokhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba kuposa zitsulo zoyambira sizingasankhidwe.Ngati chitsulo choyambira sichiloledwa kutenthedwa panthawi yowotcherera, pofuna kupewa ming'alu yozizira m'madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ma electrode a austenitic zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito kupeza mawonekedwe a austenite ndi pulasitiki wabwino komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa ming'alu.
1.3 Kukonzekera kwa Groove
Pofuna kuchepetsa gawo lalikulu la carbon mu zitsulo zowotcherera, chiŵerengero cha maphatikizidwe chiyenera kuchepetsedwa, kotero kuti mizere yooneka ngati U-kapena V-mawonekedwe a V nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera, ndipo chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuyeretsa poyambira ndi madontho amafuta ndi mafuta. dzimbiri mkati mwa 20mm mbali zonse za poyambira.
1.4 Kutentha koyambirira
Mukawotcherera ndi maelekitirodi achitsulo, ayenera kutenthedwa asanawotchere, ndipo kutentha kwa preheating kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 250 ° C mpaka 350 ° C.
1.5 Interlayer processing
Kwa kuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri, chiphaso choyamba chimagwiritsa ntchito maelekitirodi ang'onoang'ono ang'onoang'ono ndi kuwotcherera kocheperako.Nthawi zambiri, workpiece imayikidwa mu kuwotcherera theka-ofanana kapena ndodo yowotcherera imagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwedezeka kumbali, kotero kuti malo onse okhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwazitsulo zam'munsi amatenthedwa pakanthawi kochepa kuti apeze kutentha ndi kutentha.
1.6 Post-weld kutentha mankhwala
Mukangowotcherera, chogwiritsira ntchito chimayikidwa mu ng'anjo yotentha, ndipo kutentha kumachitidwa pa 650 ° C pofuna kuchepetsa nkhawa.
2. Zowonongeka zowotcherera zachitsulo chapamwamba cha carbon ndi njira zodzitetezera
Chifukwa cha kuuma kwakukulu kwa chitsulo cha carbon high, ming'alu yotentha ndi ming'alu yozizira nthawi zambiri imachitika panthawi yowotcherera.
2.1 Njira zodzitetezera ku ming'alu yamafuta
1) Kuwotcha mankhwala zikuchokera kuwotcherera, mosamalitsa kulamulira zili sulfure ndi phosphorous, ndipo moyenerera kuonjezera manganese okhutira kusintha weld dongosolo ndi kuchepetsa tsankho.
2) Onetsetsani mawonekedwe a mtanda wa weld, ndipo chiŵerengero cha m'lifupi ndi chakuya chiyenera kukhala chokulirapo pang'ono kuti mupewe tsankho pakati pa weld.
3) Kwa ma welds okhala ndi kukhazikika kwakukulu, magawo oyenera kuwotcherera, njira zowotcherera zoyenera ndi malangizo azisankhidwa.
4) Ngati ndi kotheka, tengani njira zowotchera komanso zoziziritsa pang'onopang'ono kuti mupewe ming'alu yotentha.
5) Onjezani alkalinity ya electrode kapena flux kuti muchepetse zonyansa mu weld ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwa tsankho.
2.2 Njira zodzitetezera ku ming'alu yozizira.
1) Kutenthetsa musanayambe kuwotcherera ndi kuzizira pang'onopang'ono pambuyo pa kuwotcherera sikungathe kuchepetsa kuuma ndi kuphulika kwa malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha, komanso kumathandizira kufalikira kwakunja kwa haidrojeni mu weld.
2) Sankhani miyeso yoyenera kuwotcherera.
3) Landirani njira zoyenera zolumikizirana ndi kuwotcherera kuti muchepetse kupsinjika kwa zolumikizira zowotcherera ndikuwongolera kupsinjika kwa ma welds.
3 .Mapeto
Chifukwa chokhala ndi mpweya wambiri, kuuma kwambiri komanso kutsekemera kosauka kwachitsulo cha carbon, n'kosavuta kupanga mapangidwe apamwamba a carbon martensitic panthawi yowotcherera, ndipo n'zosavuta kupanga ming'alu yowotcherera.Choncho, pamene kuwotcherera mkulu carbon zitsulo, ndondomeko kuwotcherera ayenera zomveka anasankha.Ndipo tengani njira zofananira munthawi yake kuti muchepetse kuchitika kwa ming'alu yowotcherera ndikuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a mfundo zowotcherera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-18-2023