Chidziwitso 1:Zomwe zimakhudzidwa komanso zotsutsana ndi njira zowotcherera
Njira yabwino imatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa chitsimikizo cha khalidwe la mankhwala panthawi yopangira.M'mawu ena, khalidwe la mankhwala zimatengera khalidwe la ndondomeko, ndipo ayenera kukhala wabwino kwambiri ndondomeko processing khalidwe kupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri.
Ubwino wa mankhwala si kokha pambuyo akamaliza ntchito zonse processing ndi msonkhano, mwa ogwira ntchito yoyendera nthawi zonse kudziwa chiwerengero cha magawo luso, ndi kupeza chivomerezo cha wosuta ngakhale zofunika, koma pa chiyambi cha process process ilipo ndipo imayenda munjira yonse yopanga.
Kaya mankhwala omaliza ali oyenerera kapena ayi zimadalira kuchuluka kwa zolakwa zonse za ndondomeko.Choncho, ndondomekoyi ndi yofunikira pakupanga, komanso kugwirizana kwakukulu kwa kufufuza.
Kupanga ma welded dongosolo kumaphatikizapo njira zambiri, monga decontamination ndi dzimbiri kuchotsa zipangizo zitsulo, kuwongola, kulemba, blanking, poyambira m'mphepete processing, kupanga, yoyenerera dongosolo welded, kuwotcherera, kutentha mankhwala, etc. Njira iliyonse ili ndi zofunikira zina za khalidwe, ndipo pali zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wake.
Popeza ubwino wa ndondomekoyi udzatsimikiziranso ubwino wa mankhwalawo, m'pofunika kufufuza zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa ndondomekoyi ndikuchitapo kanthu kuti zitsimikizire kuti zowotcherera zimakhala zabwino.
Zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa ndondomekoyi zikufotokozedwa mwachidule motere: ogwira ntchito, zipangizo, zipangizo, njira zogwirira ntchito ndi zinthu zisanu za chilengedwe chopangira, zomwe zimatchedwa "anthu, makina, zipangizo, njira, ndi mphete" zisanu.Mlingo wa chikoka cha chinthu chilichonse paubwino wa njira zosiyanasiyana ndi wosiyana kwambiri, ndipo uyenera kuwunikiridwa mwatsatanetsatane.
Kuwotcherera ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga zida zowotcherera, ndipo zinthu zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wake ndizomwe zili pamwambazi.
1.Kuwotchereraopareta zinthu
Njira zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera zimadalira wogwiritsa ntchito ku madigiri osiyanasiyana.
Pakuwotcherera kwa arc pamanja, luso la wowotcherera komanso momwe amagwirira ntchito mosamala ndizofunikira kuti kuwotcherera kukhale koyenera.
Pakuti mipiringidzo arc basi kuwotcherera, kusintha magawo ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera sangakhoze kulekana ndi ntchito ya anthu.
Kwa mitundu yonse ya kuwotcherera kwa theka-odziwikiratu, kusuntha kwa arc molumikizana ndi cholumikizira kumayendetsedwanso ndi chowotcherera.Ngati chidziwitso chowotcherera chowotcherera chimakhala chosauka, kugwira ntchito mosasamala, kusagwirizana ndi njira zowotcherera, kapena luso lochepa la ntchito, luso lopanda luso lidzakhudza khalidwe la kuwotcherera mwachindunji.
Njira zowongolera ogwira ntchito zowotcherera ndi motere:
(1) Limbikitsani maphunziro odziwitsa owotcherera "ubwino woyamba, wogwiritsa ntchito woyamba, wotsatira ndi wogwiritsa ntchito", kuwongolera malingaliro awo audindo ndi kalembedwe kantchito mosamala, ndikukhazikitsa dongosolo labwino.
(2) Maphunziro anthawi zonse a ntchito zowotcherera, dziwani kuti ndondomekoyi ikulamulira mwaukadaulo, ndikuwongolera luso la magwiridwe antchito.
(3) Popanga, ma welders amayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo oyendetsera kuwotcherera, ndikulimbitsa kudziyang'anira komwe kumawotcherera ndikuwunika kwa owunika anthawi zonse.
(4) Tsatirani mosamala njira yoyezera zowotcherera, kutsatira satifiketi yowotcherera, khazikitsani mafayilo aukadaulo a welder.
Pakupanga zofunikira kapena zofunikira zowotcherera, kuwunikiranso mwatsatanetsatane za welder kumafunikanso.Mwachitsanzo, kutalika kwa nthawi yophunzitsira zowotcherera, zochitika zopanga, luso lamakono, zaka, kutalika kwa utumiki, mphamvu zakuthupi, masomphenya, chidwi, ndi zina zotero, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa muyeso la kuwunika.
2.Zinthu zowotcherera zida zamakina
Kuchita, kukhazikika ndi kudalirika kwa zida zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera zimakhudza mwachindunji mtundu wa kuwotcherera.Kapangidwe kazinthu kameneka kamakhala kovutirapo, kumapangitsa kuchuluka kwa makina ndi makina odzipangira okha, kumadalira kwambiri kudalira kwamtundu wa kuwotcherera.
Choncho, zida zamtunduwu zimafunika kuti zikhale ndi ntchito zabwino komanso zokhazikika.Zida zowotcherera ziyenera kuyesedwa ndikuyesedwa musanagwiritse ntchito, ndipo njira yowunikira nthawi zonse iyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamitundu yonse ya zida zowotcherera zomwe zili muntchito.
Mu dongosolo kuwotcherera khalidwe chitsimikizo, kuyambira kuonetsetsa ubwino ndondomeko kuwotcherera, makina kuwotcherera ndi zipangizo ayenera kuchita zotsatirazi:
(1) Kukonza pafupipafupi, kukonza ndi kukonzanso zida zowotcherera, ndi zida zofunika zowotcherera ziyenera kuyesedwa musanapange.
(2) Yang'anani pafupipafupi ammeter, voltmeter, mita ya gasi yoyenda ndi zida zina pazida zowotcherera kuti muwonetsetse muyeso wolondola panthawi yopanga.
(3) Khazikitsani mafayilo aukadaulo a zida zowotcherera kuti apereke malingaliro osanthula ndi kuthetsa mavuto.
(4) Khazikitsani dongosolo laudindo la ogwiritsa ntchito zida zowotcherera kuti zitsimikizire nthawi yake komanso kupitiliza kukonza zida.
Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zida zowotcherera, monga zofunikira zamadzi, magetsi, chilengedwe, ndi zina zambiri, kusinthika kwa zida zowotcherera, malo ofunikira kuti agwire ntchito, komanso kusintha kwa zolakwika ziyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa bwino, kuti awonetsetse kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zida zowotcherera.
3.Zida zowotchererachinthu
Zopangira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kuwotcherera zikuphatikizapo zitsulo zoyambira, zowotcherera (electrode, waya, flux, gasi woteteza), etc. Ubwino wa zinthuzi ndi maziko ndi maziko owonetsetsa kuti zinthu zowotcherera zili bwino.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera kwabwino, kuyang'anitsitsa khalidwe la zipangizo ndizofunikira kwambiri.Mu gawo loyambirira la kupanga, ndiko kuti, ndikofunikira kutseka zinthuzo musanadye, kuti mukhazikitse kupanga ndikukhazikika kwazinthu zowotcherera.
Mu dongosolo kuwotcherera khalidwe kasamalidwe, kuwongolera khalidwe kuwotcherera zipangizo makamaka zikuphatikizapo miyeso zotsatirazi:
(1) Limbikitsani kuvomereza ndi kuwunika kwa kuwotcherera kwa zida zopangira, ndikuwunikanso ma index awo akuthupi ndi mankhwala ndi zida zamakina ngati kuli kofunikira.
(2) Khazikitsani dongosolo lokhazikika la kuwotcherera zida zopangira kuti mupewe kuipitsidwa kwa zinthu zowotcherera pakusungirako.
(3) Kukhazikitsa chizindikiro ntchito dongosolo kuwotcherera zipangizo kupanga kukwaniritsa kutsatira ndi kulamulira khalidwe kuwotcherera yaiwisi.
(4) Sankhani kuwotcherera zopangira zopangira mafakitale ndi mafakitale ogwirizana omwe ali ndi mbiri yabwino komanso mtundu wabwino wazinthu zoyitanitsa ndi kukonza, ndikuletsa kuwopsa kwa ngozi zowotcherera.
Mwachidule, kulamulira kuwotcherera zipangizo ayenera zochokera kuwotcherera specifications ndi mfundo dziko, kutsatira yake ndi kulamulira khalidwe lake, osati kulowa kuvomereza fakitale, kunyalanyaza chizindikiro ndi kuyendera ndondomeko kupanga.
4.Kuwotcherera njira njira zinthu
The kuwotcherera khalidwe amadalira njira njira, ndipo ali ndi malo otchuka kwambiri zinthu zimene zimakhudza khalidwe la ndondomeko kuwotcherera.
Chikoka cha njira njira kuwotcherera khalidwe makamaka amachokera mbali ziwiri, mmodzi ndi rationality wa ndondomeko chiphunzitso;Zina ndi kukhwima kwa ndondomeko ya kuphedwa.
Choyamba, kuwotcherera ndondomeko ya mankhwala kapena zinthu zina ziyenera kuyesedwa, ndiyeno malinga ndi zofunikira za ndondomeko yowunikira ndondomeko ndi zojambula, kupititsa patsogolo njira zowotcherera, kukonzekera malangizo a ndondomeko yowotcherera kapena makhadi a ndondomeko. , amene anasonyeza m'makalata osiyanasiyana ndondomeko magawo ndi maziko kutsogolera kuwotcherera.Izo zachokera kayeseleledwe wa zinthu zofanana kupanga opangidwa ndi mayeso ndi nthawi yaitali anasonkhanitsa zinachitikira ndi enieni luso amafuna mankhwala ndi wokonzeka, ndi kuonetsetsa khalidwe kuwotcherera maziko ofunika, ali ndi makhalidwe a prescriptivity, kuzama. , mwanzeru ndi kupitiriza.Nthawi zambiri amakonzedwa ndi akatswiri odziwa kuwotcherera kuti atsimikizire kuti ndi zolondola komanso zomveka.
Pazifukwa izi, kuonetsetsa kukhwima kwa kukhazikitsidwa kwa njira ya ndondomekoyi, sikuloledwa kusintha magawo a ndondomeko popanda maziko okwanira, ndipo ngakhale kuli kofunikira kusintha, kuyenera kuchita ndondomeko ndi ndondomeko zina.
Zopanda nzeru kuwotcherera ndondomeko sangatsimikizire woyenerera kuwotcherera, koma ndi njira zolondola ndi wololera ndondomeko kutsimikiziridwa ndi kuunika, ngati si mosamalitsa akuyendera, yemweyo sangathe kuwotcherera woyenerera oyenerera.Ziwirizo zimathandizana ndipo zimadalirana, ndipo palibe mbali iliyonse imene inganyalanyazidwe kapena kunyalanyazidwa.
Mu dongosolo kuwotcherera khalidwe kasamalidwe, kuwongolera koyenera kwa zinthu zomwe zikukhudza njira kuwotcherera ndondomeko ndi:
(1) Njira yowotcherera iyenera kuyesedwa motsatira malamulo oyenerera kapena miyezo ya dziko.
(2) Sankhani amisiri odziwa kuwotcherera kuti akonzekere zikalata zofunika, ndipo zolembazo ziyenera kukhala zonse komanso mosalekeza.
(3) Limbikitsani kasamalidwe ndi kuyang'anira pamalowo panjira yowotcherera molingana ndi malamulo opangira kuwotcherera.
(4) Asanapangidwe, mbale yoyezera zinthu zowotcherera ndi mbale yoyeserera yoyeserera ziyenera kupangidwa molingana ndi malamulo opangira kuwotcherera kuti zitsimikizire kulondola komanso kulondola kwa njirayo.
Kuphatikiza apo, kupanga malamulo opangira kuwotcherera sikuli kukula, ndipo payenera kukhala dongosolo lothandizira ngozi zamtundu wofunikira kuti zichepetse kuwonongeka.
5.Environmental factor
Mu malo enieni, kudalira kwa kuwotcherera khalidwe pa chilengedwe ndi chachikulu.The kuwotcherera ntchito nthawi zambiri ikuchitika mu mpweya panja, amene ayenera kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zakunja zachilengedwe (monga kutentha, chinyezi, mphepo ndi mvula ndi chisanu nyengo), ndi zina mwa zinthu zina, n'zotheka kumayambitsa zovuta zamawotchi chifukwa cha chilengedwe.
Choncho, chidwi china chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa izo.Mu kuwotcherera khalidwe dongosolo kasamalidwe, miyeso kulamulira zinthu zachilengedwe ndi yosavuta, pamene zinthu zachilengedwe sizikukwaniritsa zofunika za malamulo, monga mphepo yaikulu, liwiro mphepo kuposa zinayi, kapena mvula ndi matalala nyengo, chinyezi wachibale wamkulu. kuposa 90%, amatha kuyimitsa kwakanthawi ntchito yowotcherera, kapena kutenga miyeso ya mphepo, mvula ndi matalala asanayambe kuwotcherera;
Pamene kuwotcherera pa kutentha otsika, otsika mpweya zitsulo sadzakhala m'munsi kuposa -20 ° C, wamba aloyi zitsulo sadzakhala m'munsi kuposa -10 ° C, monga kupitirira malire kutentha, workpiece akhoza bwino preheated.
Kupyolera mu kusanthula pamwamba pa zinthu zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa mbali zisanu za kuwotcherera ndondomeko ndi miyeso yake yolamulira ndi mfundo zake, zikhoza kuwoneka kuti mbali zisanu za zinthuzo zikugwirizana ndi wina ndi mzake ndikuwoloka wina ndi mzake, ndipo payenera kukhala. kulingalira mwadongosolo komanso mosalekeza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-05-2023