Ukadaulo wowotcherera pansi pamadzi

Pali mitundu itatu yowotcherera pansi pamadzi: njira youma, yonyowa komanso njira yowuma pang'ono.

Kuwotcherera kowuma

Imeneyi ndi njira yomwe chipinda chachikulu cha mpweya chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphimba kuwotcherera, ndipo wowotchera amawotchera m'chipinda cha mpweya.Popeza kuwotcherera kumachitika mu gawo la gasi wouma, chitetezo chake chimakhala bwino.Kuzama kukadutsa mulingo wodumphira mumlengalenga, zoyaka zimapangidwa mosavuta chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ya okosijeni wakumaloko mumlengalenga.Choncho, gasi wa inert kapena theka-inert ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu chipinda cha gasi.Pamene kuwotcherera kowuma, zowotcherera ziyenera kuvala zovala zapadera zomwe sizingayaka moto komanso zoteteza kutentha kwambiri.Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera konyowa komanso pang'ono, kuwotcherera kowuma kumakhala ndi chitetezo chabwino kwambiri, koma kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kochepa kwambiri ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito kwake sikuli konsekonse.

kuwotcherera pang'ono youma

Njira yowuma yam'deralo ndi njira yowotcherera pansi pamadzi momwe wowotcherera amapangira kuwotcherera m'madzi ndikumakhetsa madzi mozungulira malo otsekemera, ndipo njira zake zotetezera ndizofanana ndi njira yonyowa.

Popeza njira yowuma pamalo owuma ikadali yofufuzidwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwake sikunafalikirebe.

Kuwotcherera konyowa

Kuwotcherera konyowa ndi njira yowotcherera pansi pamadzi momwe wowotcherera amawotcherera mwachindunji pansi pamadzi m'malo mokhetsa madzi mozungulira malo owotcherera.

Kuwotchera kwa arc pansi pamadzi kumakhala kofanana ndi kuwotcherera kwa arc pansi pamadzi, ndipo kumayaka mu thovu la mpweya.Elekitirodi ikayaka, zokutira pa electrode zimapanga manja omwe amakhazikika ku thovu la mpweya ndipo motero kukhazikika kwa arc.Kuti ma elekitirodi awotchedwe stably pansi pa madzi, m`pofunika kuvala ena makulidwe ❖ kuyanika pa electrode pachimake ndi impregnated paraffin kapena zinthu zina madzi kuti elekitirodi madzi.Miyendo ndi haidrojeni, mpweya, nthunzi yamadzi ndi thovu zopangidwa ndi kuyaka kwa zokutira zama electrode;ma oxides ena opangidwa ndi utsi wa turbid.Pofuna kuthana ndi vuto la kuyatsa kwa arc ndi kukhazikika kwa arc komwe kumabwera chifukwa cha kuziziritsa kwa madzi ndi kupanikizika, mphamvu yamagetsi ya arc ndiyokwera kwambiri kuposa yomwe ili mumlengalenga, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi 15% mpaka 20% yayikulu kuposa momwe kuwotcherera mumlengalenga.

Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera kowuma komanso pang'ono, kuwotcherera konyowa pansi pamadzi kumakhala kogwiritsa ntchito kwambiri, koma chitetezo ndichoyipa kwambiri.Chifukwa cha kayendedwe ka madzi, chitetezo ku kugwedezeka kwa magetsi ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zachitetezo cha kuwotcherera konyowa.

Kuwotcherera konyowa pansi pamadzi kumachitika mwachindunji m'madzi akuya, ndiye kuti, ngati palibe chotchinga chamakina pakati pa malo owotcherera ndi madzi.Kuwotcherera sikumangokhudzidwa ndi kuthamanga kwa madzi ozungulira, komanso kuzizira kwambiri ndi madzi ozungulira.

Ngakhale kuwotcherera chonyowa m'madzi ndi yabwino komanso kusinthasintha, ndipo kumafuna zipangizo zosavuta ndi zinthu, chifukwa kuzirala amphamvu kuwotcherera arc, dziwe losungunuka, elekitirodi ndi kuwotcherera zitsulo ndi madzi, bata la arc wawonongedwa, ndi kuwotcherera mawonekedwe ndi osauka. .Malo owuma amapangidwa m'dera lomwe limakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, ndipo ma hydrogen ambiri amalowetsedwa muzakudya za arc ndi dziwe losungunuka panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika monga ming'alu yowotcherera ndi pores.Chifukwa chake, kuwotcherera konyowa pansi pamadzi nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osaya omwe ali ndi nyanja yabwino komanso kuwotcherera zinthu zomwe sizifuna kupsinjika kwambiri.

Malo apansi pamadzi amapangitsa kuti kuwotcherera m'madzi kumakhala kovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe kuwotcherera pamtunda.Kuphatikiza pa ukadaulo wowotcherera, imaphatikizanso zinthu zambiri monga ukadaulo wa diving operation.Makhalidwe a kuwotcherera pansi pamadzi ndi awa:

1. Kuwoneka kochepa.Mayamwidwe, kunyezimira ndi kubweza kwa kuwala ndi madzi ndikolimba kwambiri kuposa mpweya.Choncho, kuwala kumachepa mofulumira pamene kufalikira m'madzi.Kuphatikiza apo, thovu zambiri ndi utsi zimapangidwira kuzungulira arc panthawi yowotcherera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti arc yapansi pamadzi ikhale yotsika kwambiri.Kuwotcherera pansi pamadzi kumachitika m'madzi amatope ndi m'nyanja ndi mchenga ndi matope, ndipo kuwoneka m'madzi kumakhala koyipa kwambiri.

2. Msoko wowotcherera uli ndi hydrogen yambiri, ndipo haidrojeni ndi mdani wa kuwotcherera.Ngati hydrogen zili mu kuwotcherera kuposa mtengo wololeka, n'zosavuta kuyambitsa ming'alu komanso kuwononga kapangidwe kake.Mphepete mwa madzi arc idzachititsa kuwonongeka kwa madzi ozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti hydrogen isungunuke mu weld.Kusayenda bwino kwa zolumikizira zowotcherera zama electrode arc apansi pamadzi sikungasiyanitsidwe ndi kuchuluka kwa haidrojeni.

3. Liwiro lozizira ndilofulumira.Powotchera pansi pamadzi, kutentha kwa madzi a m'nyanja kumakhala kwakukulu, komwe kumaposa pafupifupi 20 kuposa mpweya.Ngati njira yonyowa kapena njira ya m'deralo imagwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera pansi pa madzi, chogwiritsira ntchito kuti chiwotchedwe ndi madzi mwachindunji, ndipo kuzimitsa kwa madzi pazitsulo ndizodziwikiratu, ndipo n'zosavuta kupanga mawonekedwe olimba kwambiri.Choncho, kuzizira kumatha kupewedwa pamene kuwotcherera kowuma kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.

4. Chikoka cha kupanikizika, pamene kupanikizika kumawonjezeka, mzere wa arc umakhala wocheperapo, m'lifupi mwa mkanda wowotcherera umakhala wocheperapo, kutalika kwa msoko wa weld kumawonjezeka, ndipo kachulukidwe ka conductive sing'anga kumawonjezeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ionization ikhale yovuta. , mphamvu ya arc ikuwonjezeka moyenerera, ndi kukhazikika kwa arc Kuchepetsedwa, kuwonjezeka kwa splash ndi utsi.

5. Kugwira ntchito mosalekeza kumakhala kovuta kuzindikira.Chifukwa cha chikoka ndi kuchepa kwa chilengedwe cha pansi pa madzi, nthawi zambiri, njira yowotcherera gawo limodzi ndikuyimitsa gawo limodzi iyenera kutengedwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma welds asapitirize.

Chitetezo cha kuwotcherera konyowa pansi pamadzi ndichoyipa kwambiri kuposa pamtunda.Njira zazikulu zotetezera ndi:

Direct current iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera pansi pamadzi, ndipo njira yosinthira ndiyoletsedwa.Mphamvu yamagetsi yopanda katundu nthawi zambiri imakhala 50-80V.Kuwongolera zida zamagetsi zomwe zimalumikizana mwachindunji ndi zowotcherera m'madzi ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zosinthira zodzipatula ndikutetezedwa ndi kulemedwa.Owotcherera m'madzi asanayambe kugwira ntchito kapena panthawi yosintha maelekitirodi, ayenera kudziwitsa ogwira ntchito pamtunda kuti adutse dera.Owotcherera m'madzi ayenera kuvala zovala zapadera zodzitetezera ndi magolovesi apadera.Panthawi yoyatsira arc ndi kupitiliza kwa arc, manja amayenera kupewedwa kuti asagwire ntchito, zingwe, ndodo zowotcherera, ndi zina zotere. Mukawotcherera panyumba, mphamvu yamagetsi pamapangidwewo iyenera kudulidwa kaye.Panthawi yowotcherera pansi pamadzi, chitetezo chaukhondo wa anthu ogwira ntchito, makamaka chitetezo chakumatauni ndi chitetezo chamoto chiyenera kuperekedwa.Nthawi zonse yang'anani ntchito kutchinjiriza ntchito ndi madzi ntchito zida kuwotcherera m'madzi, mbale kuwotcherera, zingwe, etc.