Pankhani yowotcherera, pali zinthu zambiri zofunika kuziganizira.Akangonyalanyazidwa, kungakhale kulakwitsa kwakukulu.Izi ndi mfundo zomwe muyenera kuziganizira mukawunika momwe mukuwotcherera.Ngati mukukumana ndi ngozi zowotcherera, muyenerabe kulabadira mavutowa!
1. Kumanga kuwotcherera sikusamala posankha magetsi abwino kwambiri
[Phenomenon] Panthawi yowotcherera, magetsi a arc omwewo amasankhidwa mosasamala kanthu za kutsika, kudzaza, ndi kutsekera, mosasamala kanthu za kukula kwa groove.Mwanjira iyi, kuya kofunikira kolowera ndi m'lifupi mwa kuphatikizika sikungakwaniritsidwe, ndipo zolakwika monga kudulidwa, pores, ndi splashes zitha kuchitika.
[Miyeso] Nthawi zambiri, malinga ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana, arc yayitali yofananira kapena arc yayifupi iyenera kusankhidwa kuti ipezeke bwino komanso kugwira ntchito moyenera.Mwachitsanzo, ma arc afupiafupi amayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azitha kulowa bwino pakuwotcherera pansi, ndipo magetsi a arc amatha kuonjezedwa moyenera kuti athe kupeza bwino kwambiri komanso m'lifupi mwaphatikizidwe pakudzaza kuwotcherera kapena kuwotcherera kapu.
2. Kuwotchera sikuwongolera mphamvu zowotcherera
[Zodabwitsa] Pa kuwotcherera, kuti kufulumizitsa kupita patsogolo, matako welds wa sing'anga ndi wandiweyani mbale si beveled.Mlozera wa mphamvu umatsika, kapena kulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira, ndipo ming'alu imawonekera panthawi yoyesera, zomwe zidzapangitse kuti ntchito zolumikizirana zisathe kutsimikiziridwa ndikuyika chiwopsezo chomwe chingachitike pachitetezo chadongosolo.
[Miyeso] kuwotcherera kuyenera kuwongoleredwa molingana ndi kuwotcherera pano pakuwunika, ndipo kusinthasintha kwa 10-15% kumaloledwa.Kukula kwa m'mphepete mwa groove sikuyenera kupitirira 6mm.Mukayika, pamene makulidwe a mbaleyo amaposa 6mm, bevel iyenera kutsegulidwa kuti muwotchere.
3. Osalabadira liwiro kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera panopa, ndi awiri a ndodo kuwotcherera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mogwirizana.
[Zodabwitsa] Pamene kuwotcherera, musati kulabadira kulamulira kuwotcherera liwiro ndi kuwotcherera panopa, ndi ntchito m'mimba mwake elekitirodi ndi kuwotcherera udindo mu kugwirizana.Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuwotcherera kwa rooting kumachitika pamakona olowera mokwanira, chifukwa cha kukula kwa mizu yopapatiza, ngati kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kuli mofulumira kwambiri, mpweya ndi slag inclusions pamizu sadzakhala ndi nthawi yokwanira yotulutsa, zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika mosavuta. monga kulowa kosakwanira, slag inclusions, ndi pores pamizu;Pa kuwotcherera chivundikiro, ngati kuwotcherera liwiro mofulumira kwambiri, n'zosavuta kubala pores;ngati liwiro la kuwotcherera likuchedwa kwambiri, kulimbikitsana kwa weld kudzakhala kwakukulu kwambiri ndipo mawonekedwe ake adzakhala osasinthasintha;Zochepa, zosavuta kuwotcha ndi zina zotero.
[Miyezo] Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera kumakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la kuwotcherera komanso luso la kupanga kuwotcherera.Posankha, sankhani malo oyenera kuwotcherera molingana ndi kuwotcherera pakali pano, weld malo (kuwotcherera pansi, kuwotcherera kudzaza, kuwotcherera, chivundikiro), makulidwe a weld, ndi kukula kwa poyambira.Liwiro, potengera kuonetsetsa kuti akulowa, kutulutsa kosavuta kwa gasi ndi kuwotcherera slag, osawotcha, komanso kupanga bwino, liwiro la kuwotcherera limasankhidwa kuti lipititse patsogolo zokolola komanso zogwira mtima.
4. Osatengera kuwongolera kutalika kwa arc powotcherera
[Phenomenon] Utali wa arc sunasinthidwe bwino molingana ndi mtundu wa groove, kuchuluka kwa zigawo zowotcherera, mawonekedwe owotcherera, mtundu wa elekitirodi, ndi zina zambiri panthawi yowotcherera.Chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika ma welding arc kutalika, zimakhala zovuta kupeza ma welds apamwamba kwambiri.
[Miyezo] Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuwotcherera kwabwino, ntchito yaifupi ya arc imagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yowotcherera, koma kutalika kwa arc kumatha kusankhidwa molingana ndi zochitika zosiyanasiyana kuti mupeze mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri, monga V-groove butt joint, Cholowa cha fillet choyamba Gawo loyamba liyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kansalu kakang'ono kuti muwonetsetse kulowa popanda kutsika, ndipo gawo lachiwiri litha kukhala lalitali pang'ono kuti mudzaze chowotcherera.Arc yaifupi iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamene kusiyana kwa weld kuli kochepa, ndipo arc ikhoza kukhala yayitali pang'ono pamene kusiyana kuli kwakukulu, kotero kuti liwiro la kuwotcherera likhoza kufulumizitsa.Mzere wa kuwotcherera pamwamba uyenera kukhala waufupi kwambiri kuti chitsulo chosungunula chisagwere pansi;pofuna kuwongolera kutentha kwa dziwe losungunuka panthawi yowotcherera moyima ndi kuwotcherera kopingasa, kuwotcherera kwaposachedwa komanso kwanthawi yayitali kuyenera kugwiritsidwanso ntchito.Kuonjezera apo, ziribe kanthu kuti kuwotcherera kwamtundu wanji kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikofunikira kusunga kutalika kwa arc mosasinthika panthawi yosuntha, kuti muwonetsetse kuti m'lifupi mwake ndi kuzama kwa kulowetsedwa kwa weld yonse ndizofanana.
5. Kuwotchera sikulabadira kuwongolera kuwotcherera mapindidwe
[Phenomenon] Pamene kuwotcherera, mapindikidwe si olamulidwa ndi mbali kuwotcherera zinayendera, kaikidwe antchito, poyambira mawonekedwe, kuwotcherera mfundo kusankha ndi ntchito njira, zomwe zingachititse mapindikidwe lalikulu pambuyo kuwotcherera, zovuta kukonza, ndi kuchuluka kwa ndalama, makamaka wandiweyani. mbale ndi workpieces zazikulu.Kuwongolera ndikovuta, ndipo kukonza makina kumatha kuyambitsa ming'alu kapena misozi ya lamellar.Mtengo wokonza lawi ndi wokwera ndipo ntchito yosauka imatha kuyambitsa kutenthedwa kwa workpiece.Kwa zida zogwirira ntchito zokhala ndi zolondola kwambiri, ngati palibe njira zowongolera zosinthika zomwe zimatengedwa, kukula kwake kwa chogwiriracho sikungakwaniritse zofunikira kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito, ndipo ngakhale kukonzanso kapena nyenyeswa zidzayambika.
[Miyeso] Khalani ndi ndondomeko yowotcherera yoyenerera ndikusankha njira zoyenera zowotcherera ndi njira zogwirira ntchito, komanso tsatirani njira zotsutsana ndi kuwonongeka ndi zokhazikika.
6. Discontinuous kuwotcherera kwa Mipikisano wosanjikiza kuwotcherera, osalabadira kulamulira kutentha pakati zigawo
[Phenomenon] Mukamawotcherera mbale zakuda zokhala ndi zigawo zingapo, musalabadire kutentha kwa interlayer.Ngati nthawi yapakati pa zigawo ndi yayitali kwambiri, kuwotcherera popanda kutenthedwanso kungayambitse ming'alu yozizira pakati pa zigawo;Ngati nthawiyo ili yochepa kwambiri, kutentha kwa interlayer kudzakhala Kutentha kwambiri (kuposa 900 ° C), kudzakhudzanso ntchito ya weld ndi malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha, zomwe zingayambitse njere zolimba, zomwe zimabweretsa kuchepa kwa kulimba ndi pulasitiki, ndipo zidzasiya zoopsa zobisika zamagulu.
[Miyeso] Mukawotchera mbale zokhuthala ndi zigawo zingapo, kuwongolera kutentha pakati pa zigawo kuyenera kulimbikitsidwa.Panthawi yowotcherera mosalekeza, kutentha kwa chitsulo choyambira kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti kutentha pakati pa zigawo kukhale kofanana ndi kutentha kwa preheating.Kutentha kwakukulu kumayendetsedwanso.Nthawi yowotcherera isakhale yayitali kwambiri.Pakasokoneza kuwotcherera, njira zoyenera zotenthetsera ndi kuteteza kutentha ziyenera kuchitidwa.Mukawotchereranso, kutentha kotenthetsera kuyenera kukhala kokwera moyenerera kuposa kutentha koyambako.
7. Ngati kuwotcherera kwamitundu yambiri sikuchotsa slag yowotcherera ndipo pamwamba pa weld ili ndi zolakwika, wosanjikiza wapansi ndi welded.
[Phenomenon] Pamene kuwotcherera angapo zigawo za mbale wandiweyani, wosanjikiza m'munsi ndi welded mwachindunji popanda kuchotsa kuwotcherera slag ndi zilema pambuyo wosanjikiza aliyense kuwotcherera, zomwe zingachititse slag inclusions, pores, ming'alu ndi zina zolakwika mu weld, kuchepetsa kugwirizana mphamvu ndi kuchititsa m'munsi kuwotcherera wosanjikiza nthawi kuwotcherera.
[Miyeso] Mukawotcherera zigawo zingapo za mbale zokhuthala, wosanjikiza uliwonse uyenera kuwotcherera mosalekeza.Pambuyo pa chingwe chilichonse cha weld ndi welded, kuwotcherera slag, kuwotcherera pamwamba zolakwika ndi spatter ayenera kuchotsedwa nthawi, ndi zolakwika monga slag inclusions, pores ndi ming'alu zomwe zimakhudza kuwotcherera khalidwe ayenera kuchotsedwa kwathunthu pamaso kuwotcherera.
8. Kukula kwa olowa matako olowa kapena ngodya matako olowa pamodzi weld olowa amene amafuna malowedwe sikokwanira.
[Phenomenon] Zolumikizana zooneka ngati T, zolumikizira zamtanda, zolumikizira pamakona ndi matako ena kapena makona ophatikizika omwe amafunikira kulowa, kukula kwa mwendo wa weld sikokwanira, kapena kapangidwe ka ukonde ndi mapiko akumtunda a mtengo wa crane kapena zofananira. zigawo zomwe zimafuna kutopa kufufuza Ngati kukula kwa kuwotcherera mwendo wa mbale m'mphepete kugwirizana weld sikokwanira, mphamvu ndi kuuma kwa kuwotcherera sangakwaniritse zofuna za kamangidwe.
[Miyezo] Malumikizidwe opangidwa ndi T, zolumikizira zopingasa, zolumikizira za fillet ndi zolumikizira zina zamatako zomwe zimafunikira kulowa ziyenera kukhala ndi zofunikira zokwanira za fillet malinga ndi kapangidwe kake.Nthawi zambiri, kukula kwa fillet yowotcherera sikuyenera kuchepera 0.25t (t ndiye makulidwe a mbale yocheperako).Kuwotcherera mwendo kukula kwa welds kulumikiza ukonde ndi chapamwamba flange cha crane girder kapena ukonde ofanana ndi kutopa kufufuza zofunika ndi 0.5t, ndipo sayenera kukhala wamkulu kuposa 10mm.Kupatuka kovomerezeka kwa kukula kwa kuwotcherera ndi 0-4 mm.
9. Kuwotcherera pulagi mutu electrode kapena chipika chitsulo mu kusiyana olowa
[Zodabwitsa] Chifukwa ndizovuta kuphatikizira mutu wa elekitirodi kapena chipika chachitsulo ndi gawo lowotcherera panthawi yowotcherera, zitha kuyambitsa zolakwika zowotcherera monga kuphatikizika kosakwanira komanso kulowa kosakwanira, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yolumikizira.Ngati yodzazidwa ndi dzimbiri ma elekitirodi mitu ndi zitsulo midadada, n'zovuta kuonetsetsa kuti n'zogwirizana ndi zinthu za m'munsi zitsulo;ngati itadzazidwa ndi mitu ya electrode ndi zitsulo zachitsulo ndi mafuta, zonyansa, ndi zina zotero, zidzayambitsa zolakwika monga pores, slag inclusions, ndi ming'alu mu weld.Zinthu izi zidzachepetsa kwambiri mtundu wa weld seam wa olowa, womwe sungathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe kake ndi mawonekedwe a weld seam.
[Miyezo] <1> Pamene kusiyana kwa msonkhano wa workpiece ndi kwakukulu, koma sikudutsa njira yovomerezeka yogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo kusiyana kwa msonkhano kumapitirira nthawi 2 kukula kwa mbale yopyapyala kapena yaikulu kuposa 20mm, njira yowonekera iyenera kukhala amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza gawo lokhazikika kapena kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa msonkhano.Ndizoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yodzaza ndodo yowotcherera mutu kapena chipika chachitsulo kukonza kuwotcherera mumpata olowa.<2> Pamene kukonza ndi scribing mbali, chidwi ayenera kuperekedwa kusiya zokwanira kudula malipiro ndi kuwotcherera shrinkage chilolezo pambuyo kudula, ndi kulamulira kukula kwa mbali.Osawonjezera kusiyana kuti muwonetsetse kukula konse.
10. Pamene mbale za makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi m'lifupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga, kusintha sikuli kosalala
[Phenomenon] Pamene mbale za makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi m'lifupi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizana matako, musalabadire ngati kusiyana kwa makulidwe a mbale kuli mkati mwazovomerezeka za muyezo.Ngati sizili m'malo ovomerezeka komanso osasintha mofatsa, msoko wowotcherera ukhoza kuyambitsa kupsinjika ndi zovuta zowotcherera monga kusakanizika kosakwanira pamalo apamwamba kuposa makulidwe a pepala, zomwe zingakhudze mtundu wa kuwotcherera.
[Miyezo] Pamene malamulo oyenerera adutsa, weld iyenera kuwotcherera kumalo otsetsereka, ndipo mtengo wovomerezeka wa malo otsetsereka uyenera kukhala 1: 2.5;kapena mbali imodzi kapena zonse za makulidwe ayenera kukonzedwa kukhala otsetsereka pamaso kuwotcherera, ndipo pazipita kololeka mtengo otsetsereka ayenera kukhala 1:2.5 , pamene structural otsetsereka mwachindunji katundu mphamvu ndipo amafuna kutopa kuyang'ana, otsetsereka sayenera kukhala. kuposa 1:4.Pamene mbale za m'lifupi mwake zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi matako, kudula matenthedwe, machining kapena kugaya magudumu akupera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi fakitale ndi malo omwe ali ndi malo kuti apange kusintha kosalala, ndipo malo otsetsereka ovomerezeka pa olowa ndi 1:2.5.
11. Musayang'anire ndondomeko yowotcherera ya zigawo zomwe zili ndi zowotcherera
[Phenomenon] Pazigawo zokhala ndi ma welds a mtanda, ngati sitisamala mwanzeru kukonza ndondomeko yowotcherera mwa kusanthula kutulutsa kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kuwotcherera ndi kukhudzidwa kwa kupsinjika kwa kuwotcherera pamapindika a chigawo, koma kuwotcherera molunjika komanso mopingasa, zotsatira zake zipangitsa kuti nthawi yayitali komanso zopingasa zopingasa kuti aletse wina ndi mzake, chifukwa chachikulu kutentha shrinkage nkhawa adzakhala deform mbale, pamwamba pa mbale adzakhala osagwirizana, ndipo zingachititse ming'alu mu weld.
[Miyeso] Pazigawo zokhala ndi zowotcherera pamtanda, ndondomeko yowotcherera yoyenera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa.Pakakhala mitundu ingapo yowotcherera yowongoka ndi yopingasa yowotcherera, ma seams opingasa okhala ndi mapindikidwe akulu ayenera kuwotcherera kaye, ndiyeno ma welds amatalikirapo ayenera kuwotcherera, kuti ma welds osinthika asakhale okakamizidwa ndi ma welds otalikirapo. kuwotcherera zowotcherera zowotcherera, kotero kuti kupsinjika kwa nsonga zopingasa Kumasulidwa popanda kudziletsa kuti muchepetse kupotoza kwa weld, kukhalabe ndi mtundu wa weld, kapena weld butt welds poyamba ndiyeno fillet welds
12. Pamene kuwotcherera mozungulira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikizira ndodo zachitsulo, kuwotcherera kosalekeza kumayikidwa pamakona.
[Chodabwitsa] Pamene chilolo olowa pakati chigawo zitsulo ndodo ndi mbale mosalekeza wazunguliridwa ndi kuwotcherera, welds mbali zonse za ndodo ndi welded choyamba, ndipo mapeto welds ndi welded kenako, ndi kuwotcherera ndi discontinuous.Ngakhale izi ndizothandiza pakuchepetsa kuwotcherera, zimakhala zosavuta kupsinjika komanso zolakwika zowotcherera m'makona a ndodo, zomwe zimakhudza mtundu wa mfundo zowotcherera.
[Miyeso] Pamene zingwe zimfundo za chigawo ndodo zitsulo ndi welded, kuwotcherera ayenera anamaliza mosalekeza pa ngodya pa nthawi imodzi, ndipo musati kuwotcherera pa ngodya ndi kupita mbali ina kuwotcherera.
13. Kuyika kwamphamvu kofanana kumafunikira, ndipo palibe mbale zoyambira ma arc ndi mbale zotsogola kumapeto onse a mapiko a crane ndi web plate.
[Phenomenon] Mukawotcherera matako, zowotcherera zolowera kwathunthu, ndi ma welds pakati pa mbale za crane beam flange ndi ukonde, palibe mbale zoyambira ndi mbale zotsogola zimawonjezedwa pamalo oyambira ndi otsogola, kotero kuti pamene kuwotcherera poyambira ndi malekezero, Popeza panopa ndi voteji sizikhazikika mokwanira, kutentha koyambira ndi kumapeto sikukhazikika mokwanira, zomwe zingayambitse zolakwika monga kusakanikirana kosakwanira, kulowa kosakwanira, ming'alu, slag inclusions, ndi pores poyambira ndi kumapeto welds, zomwe zidzachepetsa mphamvu ya weld ndikulephera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za mapangidwe.
[Miyeso] Mukawotcherera matako, zowotcherera zolowera kwathunthu, ndi ma welds pakati pa crane girder flange ndi ukonde, mbale zowotcherera za arc ndi mbale zotsogola ziyenera kuyikidwa malekezero onse a chowotcherera.Gawo lolakwika litatulutsidwa kuchokera ku workpiece, gawo lolakwika limadulidwa kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa weld.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-12-2023