1. Chepetsani kupsinjika maganizo Kupsinjika maganizo kwa gwero la kutopa kwapang'onopang'ono pa mgwirizano wowotcherera ndi kapangidwe, ndipo njira zonse zochotsera kapena kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo zingapangitse mphamvu ya kutopa ya dongosolo.
(1) Atengereni mawonekedwe oyenerera
① Malunji a matako amakondedwa, ndipo zolumikizira m'chiuno sizigwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere;Malumikizidwe opangidwa ndi T kapena zolumikizira zamakona zimasinthidwa kukhala zolumikizira zamatako muzinthu zofunikira, kotero kuti zowotcherera zimapewa ngodya;pamene zolumikizana zooneka ngati T kapena zolumikizira ngodya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zimayembekezeredwa kugwiritsa ntchito ma welds olowera matako.
② Yesetsani kupewa mapangidwe a eccentric loading, kuti mphamvu yamkati ya membalayo iperekedwe bwino ndi kugawidwa mofanana popanda kuchititsa kupanikizika kwina.
③Kuchepetsa kusintha kwadzidzidzi kwa gawolo, pamene makulidwe a mbale kapena m'lifupi mwake amasiyana kwambiri ndipo amafunika kutsekedwa, malo osinthika amayenera kupangidwa;ngodya yakuthwa kapena ngodya ya kapangidwe kake iyenera kupangidwa kukhala mawonekedwe a arc, ndipo kukula kwa utali wopindika kumakhala bwinoko.
④ Pewani zowotcherera zanjira zitatu zomwe zimadutsana mumlengalenga, yesetsani kuti musakhazikitse zowotcherera m'malo ovutikira, ndipo yesetsani kuti musakhazikitse zowotcherera pamagulu akulu omwe amakangana;pamene sizingatheke, khalidwe lamkati ndi lakunja la weld liyenera kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo chala cha weld chiyenera kuchepetsedwa.kupsinjika maganizo.
⑤Pa ma welds a matako omwe amatha kuwotcherera mbali imodzi, sikuloledwa kuyika mbale kumbuyo kumbuyo muzinthu zofunika;pewani kugwiritsa ntchito ma welds apakati, chifukwa pali kupsinjika kwakukulu koyambira ndi kumapeto kwa weld iliyonse.
(2).Olondola weld mawonekedwe ndi weld wabwino mkati ndi kunja khalidwe
① Kutalika kotsalira kwa chowotcherera cholumikizira matako kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, ndipo ndikwabwino kupalasa (kapena kugaya) lathyathyathya pambuyo kuwotcherera osasiya kutalika kotsalira;
② Ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito ma welds a fillet okhala ndi malo opindika pamalumikizidwe ooneka ngati T, opanda ma welds a fillet okhala ndi convexity;
③ Chala chomwe chili pamphambano za weld ndi chitsulo chapansi pazitsulo chiyenera kusinthidwa bwino, ndipo chala chake chiyenera kukhala pansi kapena argon arc remelted ngati kuli kofunikira kuchepetsa kupsinjika maganizo kumeneko.
Zowonongeka zonse zowotcherera zimakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a kupsinjika maganizo, makamaka kuwonongeka kwa flake kuwotcherera, monga ming'alu, osalowetsa, osaphatikizana ndi kuluma m'mphepete, ndi zina zotero, zimakhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya kutopa.Choncho, pakupanga mapangidwe, ndikofunikira kuwonetsetsa kuti weld iliyonse ndi yosavuta kuwotcherera, kuti muchepetse zolakwika zowotcherera, ndipo zolakwika zomwe zimapitilira muyezo ziyenera kuchotsedwa.
2.Sinthani kupsinjika kotsalira
Kupanikizika kotsalira kotsalira pamwamba pa membala kapena kupsinjika maganizo kungapangitse mphamvu ya kutopa ya kapangidwe ka welded.Mwachitsanzo, pokonza ndondomeko yowotcherera ndi kutentha kwapafupi, n'zotheka kupeza malo otsalira opanikizika omwe amathandiza kuti azitha kutopa.Kuphatikiza apo, kulimbitsa mapindikidwe apamwamba, monga kugubuduza, kumenya nyundo kapena kuwomberedwa, kumathanso kutengedwa kuti apange chitsulo chapamwamba chapulasitiki kupindika ndikuumitsa, ndikupanga kupsinjika kotsalira pamtunda kuti akwaniritse cholinga chothandizira kutopa.
Kupanikizika kotsalira komwe kumakhala pamwamba pa mphako kumatha kupezedwa pogwiritsa ntchito kutambasula kwanthawi imodzi isanakwane kwa membalayo.Izi ndichifukwa choti chizindikiro cha kupsinjika kotsalira pambuyo potsitsa zotanuka nthawi zonse chimakhala chosiyana ndi chizindikiro cha kupsinjika kwa notch panthawi yotsitsa (elastoplastic).Njira iyi si yoyenera kupindika mochulukira kapena kukweza ma tensile angapo.Nthawi zambiri amaphatikizidwa ndi mayeso ovomerezeka apangidwe, monga zotengera zokakamiza zoyeserera zama hydraulic, zimatha kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu.
3.Limbikitsani dongosolo ndi katundu wa zinthu
Choyamba, kukulitsa mphamvu ya kutopa kwazitsulo zoyambira ndi zitsulo zowotcherera ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa kuchokera kumtundu wamkati wazinthuzo.Ubwino wazitsulo wazinthuzo uyenera kukonzedwa kuti uchepetse kuphatikizidwamo.Zigawo zofunika zimatha kupangidwa ndi zinthu kuchokera ku njira zosungunulira monga vacuum melting, vacuum degassing, komanso electroslag remelting kuti zitsimikizire chiyero;Moyo wotopa wa zitsulo zambewu ukhoza kusinthidwa ndi kuyenga kutentha kwa firiji.Ma microstructure abwino kwambiri amatha kupezedwa ndi chithandizo cha kutentha, ndipo pulasitiki ndi kulimba kumatha kuwongolera pamene mphamvu ikuwonjezeka.Tempered martensite, low carbon martensite ndi low bainite ali ndi kukana kutopa kwakukulu.Kachiwiri, mphamvu, pulasitiki ndi kulimba ziyenera kugwirizana bwino.Mphamvu ndi kuthekera kwa chinthu kukana kusweka, koma zida zamphamvu kwambiri zimakhudzidwa ndi notch.Ntchito yaikulu ya pulasitiki ndi yakuti kupyolera mu kusinthika kwa pulasitiki, ntchito yowonongeka imatha kutengeka, nsonga ya kupsinjika maganizo ikhoza kuchepetsedwa, kupsinjika kwakukulu kungathe kugawidwanso, ndipo nsonga ndi nsonga yong'ambika imatha kuchepetsedwa, ndipo kufalikira kwa mng'alu kumatha kuchepetsedwa kapena kuyimitsidwa.Plasticity akhoza kuonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zonse kusewera.Choncho, kwa chitsulo champhamvu kwambiri ndi chitsulo chowonjezera-champhamvu, kuyesera kukonza pulasitiki pang'ono ndi kulimba mtima kudzasintha kwambiri kukana kwake kutopa.
4.Njira zodzitetezera mwapadera
Kukokoloka kwapakati pamlengalenga nthawi zambiri kumakhudza mphamvu ya kutopa kwa zida, kotero ndikwabwino kugwiritsa ntchito zokutira zina zoteteza.Mwachitsanzo, kupaka pulasitiki wosanjikiza wokhala ndi zodzaza pazovuta kwambiri ndi njira yabwino yowongolera.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-27-2023