Kuwotcherera panopa, voteji ndi kuwotcherera liwiro ndi waukulu magawo mphamvu kuti kudziwa kukula weld.
1. Welding panopa
Pamene kuwotcherera pakali pano kumawonjezeka (zikhalidwe zina zimakhalabe zosasinthika), kuya kwa malowedwe ndi kutalika kotsalira kwa kuwotcherera kumawonjezeka, ndipo m'lifupi mwake kusungunuka sikumasintha kwambiri (kapena kuwonjezeka pang'ono).Izi ndichifukwa:
(1) Pambuyo pakuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa, mphamvu ya arc ndi kuyika kwa kutentha pa chogwirira ntchito kumawonjezeka, malo a gwero la kutentha amatsika, ndipo kuya kwapakati kumawonjezeka.Kuzama kolowera kumakhala pafupifupi kolingana ndi kuwotcherera komweko.
(2) Pambuyo pakuwonjezeka kwamakono, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa waya wowotcherera kumawonjezeka pafupifupi mofanana, ndipo kutalika kotsalira kumawonjezeka chifukwa m'lifupi mwake kusungunuka kumakhala kosasintha.
(3) Pambuyo pakuwonjezeka kwaposachedwa, kukula kwa mzere wa arc kumawonjezeka, koma kuya kwa arc submersible mu workpiece kumawonjezeka, ndipo kusuntha kwa malo a arc kumakhala kochepa, kotero kuti kusungunuka kumakhala kosasintha.
2. Arc voltage
Pambuyo pakuwonjezeka kwa magetsi a arc, mphamvu ya arc imawonjezeka, kutentha kwa workpiece kumawonjezeka, ndipo kutalika kwa arc kumakulitsidwa ndipo malo ogawa amawonjezeka, kotero kuya kwake kumachepa pang'ono ndipo kusungunuka kumawonjezeka.Kutalika kotsalira kumachepa, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kumawonjezeka, koma kusungunuka kwa waya wowotcherera kumachepa pang'ono.
3. Kuwotcherera liwiro
Pamene kuwotcherera liwiro ukuwonjezeka, mphamvu amachepetsa, ndi malowedwe kuya ndi malowedwe m'lifupi kuchepa.Kutalika kotsalira kumachepetsedwanso, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chachitsulo pa weld pa kutalika kwa unit kumasiyana molingana ndi liwiro la kuwotcherera, ndipo m'lifupi kusungunuka ndi inversely proportional ndi lalikulu la liwiro kuwotcherera.
komwe U imayimira voteji yowotcherera, ine ndikuwotcherera pakali pano, yapano imakhudza kuya kwa kulowa, voteji imakhudza m'lifupi mwake, mphamvu yapano ndiyopindulitsa kuwotcha popanda kuyaka, voteji imapindulitsa ku sipatter yaying'ono, ziwirizo zimakonza chimodzi. wa iwo, kusintha chizindikiro ena akhoza kuwotcherera kukula kwa panopa zimakhudza kwambiri kuwotcherera khalidwe ndi kuwotcherera zokolola.
Kuwotcherera panopa makamaka zimakhudza kukula kwa malowedwe.Pakali pano ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, arc ndi yosakhazikika, kuya kwa kulowa mkati kumakhala kochepa, n'kosavuta kuyambitsa zolakwika monga kulowetsa kosasunthika ndi kulowetsa slag, ndipo zokolola zimakhala zochepa;Ngati panopa ndi yaikulu kwambiri, weld ndi sachedwa zilema monga undercut ndi kuwotcha-kupyola, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuyambitsa spatter.
Choncho, kuwotcherera panopa ayenera kusankhidwa moyenerera, ndipo nthawi zambiri akhoza kusankhidwa molingana ndi chilinganizo epirical malinga ndi awiri a elekitirodi, ndiyeno moyenerera kusintha malingana ndi malo weld, mawonekedwe olowa, mlingo kuwotcherera, makulidwe kuwotcherera, etc.
Mphamvu ya arc imatsimikiziridwa ndi kutalika kwa arc, arc ndi yaitali, ndipo arc voltage ndi yokwera;Ngati arc ili yochepa, mphamvu ya arc imakhala yochepa.Kukula kwa magetsi a arc kumakhudza kwambiri kusungunuka kwa weld.
Arc sayenera kukhala yayitali kwambiri panthawi yowotcherera, apo ayi, kuyaka kwa arc kumakhala kosakhazikika, kumawonjezera kuphulika kwachitsulo, komanso kumayambitsa porosity mu weld chifukwa cha kuwukira kwa mpweya.Choncho, powotcherera, yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito ma arcs afupiafupi, ndipo nthawi zambiri amafuna kuti kutalika kwa arc sikupitirire kukula kwa electrode.
Kukula kwa liwiro kuwotcherera mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi zokolola za kuwotcherera.Kuti mupeze liwiro lalikulu la kuwotcherera, ma electrode awiri akulu ndi kuwotcherera pakali pano ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira kuonetsetsa kuti ali ndi khalidwe labwino, ndipo liwiro la kuwotcherera liyenera kusinthidwa moyenerera malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutalika ndi m'lifupi mwa kuwotcherera kuli. mogwirizana mmene ndingathere.
1. Short circuit kusintha kuwotcherera
The yochepa dera kusintha mu CO2 arc kuwotcherera ndi ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito, makamaka ntchito mbale woonda ndi zonse malo kuwotcherera, ndi magawo specifications ndi arc voteji kuwotcherera panopa, liwiro kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera dera inductance, otaya mpweya ndi kuwotcherera waya utali wautali. .
(1) Arc voteji ndi kuwotcherera panopa, kwa wina kuwotcherera waya awiri ndi kuwotcherera panopa (ndiko, waya kudya liwiro), zigwirizane yoyenera Arc voteji kuti apeze khola yochepa dera kusintha ndondomeko, pa nthawi imeneyi sipatter ndi. wamng'ono.
(2) kuwotcherera dera inductance, ntchito yaikulu ya inductance:
a.Sinthani kukula kwa di/dt wanthawi yayitali, di/dt ndi yaying'ono kwambiri kuti tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timatulutsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono mpaka gawo lalikulu la waya wowotcherera liphulika ndipo arc azimitsidwa, ndipo di/dt ndi yayikulu kwambiri kuti isapange tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono ta zitsulo zotayira.
b.Sinthani nthawi yoyaka arc ndikuwongolera kulowa kwachitsulo choyambira.
c .Kuwotcherera liwiro.Kuthamanga kwambiri kuwotcherera kungayambitse m'mbali zonse ziwiri za weld, ndipo ngati liwiro la kuwotcherera lili pang'onopang'ono, zolakwika monga kuwotcherera ndi mawonekedwe a weld zitha kuchitika mosavuta.
d .The mpweya otaya zimadalira zinthu monga olowa mtundu mbale makulidwe, specifications kuwotcherera ndi zinthu ntchito.Nthawi zambiri, mpweya wotuluka ndi 5-15 L/mphindi pamene kuwotcherera waya wabwino, ndi 20-25 L/mphindi pamene kuwotcherera wandiweyani waya.
e.Kuwonjezera waya.Kutalika koyenera kwa waya kuyenera kukhala nthawi 10-20 kukula kwa waya wowotcherera.Pa kuwotcherera ndondomeko, yesetsani kusunga mu osiyanasiyana 10-20mm, utali wautali ukuwonjezeka, kuwotcherera panopa amachepetsa, malowedwe a m'munsi zitsulo amachepetsa, ndi mosemphanitsa, panopa ukuwonjezeka ndi kulowa kumawonjezeka.Kuchuluka kwa resistivity kwa waya wowotcherera, ndizodziwikiratu izi.
f.Mphamvu yamagetsi polarity.CO2 arc kuwotcherera nthawi zambiri kutengera DC reverse polarity, spatter yaying'ono, arc khola m'munsi zitsulo malowedwe ndi lalikulu, akamaumba bwino, ndi wa haidrojeni zili mu weld zitsulo ndi otsika.
2. Kusintha kwa tinthu tating'ono.
(1) Mu mpweya wa CO2, pamtundu wina wa waya wowotcherera, pamene magetsi akuwonjezeka kufika pamtengo wina ndipo amatsagana ndi kuthamanga kwa arc, chitsulo chosungunuka cha waya wowotcherera chidzawulukira momasuka mu dziwe losungunuka ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe osinthika awa ndi kusintha kwa tinthu tating'ono.
Panthawi ya kusintha kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kulowera kwa arc kumakhala kolimba, ndipo chitsulo choyambira chimakhala ndi kuya kwakukulu kolowera, komwe kuli koyenera kupanga mapangidwe apakati ndi wandiweyani.Njira yakumbuyo ya DC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pakuwotcherera bwino-mbewu.
(2) Pamene kuwonjezereka kwamakono, mphamvu ya arc iyenera kuwonjezeka, apo ayi arc imakhala ndi zotsatira zotsuka pazitsulo zosungunula, ndipo mapangidwe a weld amawonongeka, ndipo kuwonjezeka koyenera kwa arc voltage kungapewe izi.Komabe, ngati magetsi a arc ndi okwera kwambiri, kuphulika kumawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo pansi pa nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu ya arc imachepa pamene kukula kwa waya wowotcherera kumawonjezeka.
Pali kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kusintha kwa tinthu tating'ono ta CO2 ndi kusintha kwa jeti mu kuwotcherera kwa TIG.Kusintha kwa jeti mu kuwotcherera kwa TIG ndi axial, pomwe kusintha kwa tinthu tating'ono mu CO2 sikuli kwa axial ndipo pakadali sipatsira zitsulo.Kuphatikiza apo, malire a jet transition of argon arc welding ali ndi mawonekedwe owoneka bwino.(makamaka welded zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ndi zitsulo zachitsulo), pomwe masinthidwe abwino samatero.
3. Njira zochepetsera zitsulo zachitsulo
(1) Kusankhidwa kolondola kwa magawo a ndondomeko, kuwotcherera arc voteji: Pa m'mimba mwake iliyonse ya waya wowotcherera mu arc, pali malamulo ena pakati pa mlingo wa spatter ndi kuwotcherera panopa.M'dera laling'ono lamakono, lachidule
Transition splash ndi yaying'ono, ndipo kuchuluka kwa splash kudera lalikulu lapano (fine particle transition region) nakonso kumakhala kochepa.
(2) Ngodya yowotcherera: tochi yowotcherera imakhala ndi sipitala yaying'ono ikakhala yoyima, ndipo ikakhala yokulirapo, sipathayo ikakulirakulira.Ndi bwino kupendekera mfuti yowotcherera kutsogolo kapena kumbuyo osapitirira madigiri 20.
(3) Kuwotcherera waya utali wautali: Kutalika kwa kuwotcherera waya kutambasuka kumakhudza kwambiri sipatter, kutalika kwa kuwotcherera waya kutambasuka ukuwonjezeka kuchokera 20 mpaka 30mm, ndi kuchuluka kwa sipatsira kumawonjezeka pafupifupi 5%, kotero kutambasuka utali uyenera kufupikitsidwa momwe ndingathere.
4. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mpweya wotetezera imakhala ndi njira zowotcherera.
(1) Njira yowotcherera yogwiritsira ntchito mpweya wa CO2 ngati mpweya wotetezera ndi CO2 arc kuwotcherera.Chotenthetsera choyambirira chiyenera kuikidwa mu mpweya.Chifukwa chamadzimadzi cha CO2 chimatenga mphamvu zambiri zotentha panthawi yokhazikika ya gasification, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wowonjezera pambuyo pa depressurization ndi chochepetsera kuthamanga kumachepetsanso kutentha kwa mpweya, kuteteza chinyezi mu mpweya wa CO2 kuti zisaundane m'botolo la silinda. valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga ndikutchinga njira ya gasi, kotero kuti mpweya wa CO2 umatenthedwa ndi chotenthetsera pakati pa potulutsa silinda ndi kuchepetsa kuthamanga.
(2) Njira yowotcherera ya CO2 + Ar gasi ngati njira yotchingira mpweya wa MAG imatchedwa chitetezo cha gasi.Njira yowotcherera iyi ndiyoyenera kuwotcherera zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
(3) Ar monga njira yowotcherera ya MIG yowotcherera yotchinga mpweya, njira iyi yowotcherera ndiyoyenera kuwotcherera aluminium ndi aluminium alloy.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-23-2023