The weldability wa zipangizo zitsulo amatanthauza luso zipangizo zitsulo kupeza kwambiri kuwotcherera mfundo ntchito njira kuwotcherera, kuphatikizapo njira kuwotcherera, zipangizo kuwotcherera, specifications kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera mawonekedwe structural.Ngati chitsulo chingathe kupeza zolumikizira zabwino kwambiri zowotcherera pogwiritsa ntchito njira zowotcherera zodziwika bwino komanso zosavuta, zimawonedwa kuti zimakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yowotcherera.The weldability wa zipangizo zitsulo zambiri ogaŵikana mbali ziwiri: ndondomeko weldability ndi ntchito weldability.
Njira weldability: Amatanthawuza kuthekera kopeza zolumikizira zowotcherera zabwino kwambiri, zopanda chilema pamikhalidwe ina yowotcherera.Sichinthu chobadwa nacho chachitsulo, koma chimawunikidwa potengera njira ina yowotcherera komanso njira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Choncho, ndondomeko weldability wa zipangizo zitsulo zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi ndondomeko kuwotcherera.
Service weldability: imatanthawuza kuchuluka komwe cholumikizira chowotcherera kapena mawonekedwe onse amakumana ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe amafotokozedwa ndiukadaulo wazinthu.Ntchitoyi imadalira momwe ntchito yogwirira ntchito imapangidwira komanso zofunikira zaumisiri zomwe zimayikidwa pakupanga.Kawirikawiri monga makina katundu, otsika kutentha toughness kukana, Chimaona fracture kukana, kutentha amakwawa, kutopa katundu, mphamvu yokhalitsa, kukana dzimbiri ndi kuvala kukana, etc. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri ntchito S30403 ndi S31603 zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ali kwambiri dzimbiri kukana, ndi 16MnDR ndi 09MnNiDR zitsulo zotsika kutentha zimakhalanso ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa kutentha kochepa.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kuwotcherera kwa zinthu zachitsulo
1.Zinthu zakuthupi
Zida zimaphatikizapo zitsulo zoyambira ndi zowotcherera.Pansi zomwezo kuwotcherera zinthu, zinthu zazikulu zimene kudziwa weldability wa zitsulo m'munsi ndi katundu wake ndi mankhwala zikuchokera.
Pazinthu zakuthupi: zinthu monga kusungunuka, kusungunuka kwamafuta, kukulitsa kwa mzere, kachulukidwe, mphamvu ya kutentha ndi zinthu zina zachitsulo zonse zimakhudzana ndi njira monga matenthedwe, kusungunuka, crystallization, kusintha kwa gawo, ndi zina. , potero zimakhudza weldability.Zida zokhala ndi matenthedwe otsika kwambiri monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri zimakhala ndi ma gradients akulu, kupsinjika kwakukulu kotsalira, ndi kupunduka kwakukulu pakuwotcherera.Komanso, chifukwa cha nthawi yayitali yokhalamo pa kutentha kwakukulu, mbewu zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kutentha zimakula, zomwe zimawononga mgwirizano.Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic chili ndi mzere waukulu wokulirapo komanso kupindika kwakukulu ndi kupsinjika.
Pankhani ya mankhwala, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri ndi carbon, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti mpweya wa zitsulo umapangitsa kuti zitsulo zikhale zowotcherera.Zambiri mwazinthu zina zophatikizira muzitsulo sizithandizira kuwotcherera, koma mphamvu yake nthawi zambiri imakhala yaying'ono kwambiri kuposa ya carbon.Pamene mpweya wa carbon mu chitsulo ukuwonjezeka, chizolowezi chowumitsa chikuwonjezeka, pulasitiki imachepa, ndipo ming'alu yowotcherera imakonda kuchitika.Nthawi zambiri, tilinazo zitsulo ming'alu pa kuwotcherera ndi kusintha mawotchi katundu wa welded olowa m'dera ntchito ngati zizindikiro zazikulu kupenda weldability wa zipangizo.Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa kaboni, kumapangitsanso kuwotcherera.Chitsulo chochepa cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chochepa cha aloyi chokhala ndi mpweya wochepera 0.25% chimakhala ndi pulasitiki yabwino kwambiri komanso kulimba kwamphamvu, komanso kulimba kwa mapulasitiki olumikizirana pambuyo kuwotcherera ndikwabwino kwambiri.Preheating ndi post-weld kutentha mankhwala si chofunika pa kuwotcherera, ndi kuwotcherera ndondomeko n'zosavuta kulamulira, choncho ali weldability wabwino.
Komanso, smelting ndi anagubuduza boma, kutentha boma mankhwala, boma bungwe, etc. zitsulo zonse zimakhudza weldability ku madigiri osiyanasiyana.The weldability wa chitsulo akhoza bwino ndi kuyenga kapena kuyenga njere ndi ankalamulira anagudubuzika njira.
Kuwotcherera zipangizo mwachindunji nawo mndandanda wa zochita zitsulo metallurgical pa ndondomeko kuwotcherera, amene kudziwa zikuchokera, kapangidwe, katundu ndi chilema mapangidwe zitsulo weld.Ngati zida zowotcherera zidasankhidwa molakwika ndipo sizikugwirizana ndi chitsulo choyambira, sikuti cholumikizira chomwe chimakwaniritsa zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito sichidzapezeka, koma zolakwika monga ming'alu ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe kake zidzayambitsidwanso.Chifukwa chake, kusankha kolondola kwa zida zowotcherera ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuwonetsetsa kulumikizana kwapamwamba kwambiri.
2. Zinthu za ndondomeko
Njira zinthu monga kuwotcherera njira, kuwotcherera ndondomeko magawo, kuwotcherera zinayendera, preheating, pambuyo Kutentha ndi pambuyo kuwotcherera kutentha mankhwala, etc. The kuwotcherera njira ali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa weldability, makamaka mbali ziwiri: makhalidwe kutentha gwero ndi zinthu chitetezo.
Osiyana kuwotcherera njira ndi osiyana kwambiri kutentha magwero mawu a mphamvu, mphamvu kachulukidwe, pazipita Kutentha kutentha, etc. Zitsulo welded pansi magwero kutentha osiyanasiyana adzasonyeza katundu kuwotcherera osiyana.Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya kuwotcherera electroslag ndi mkulu kwambiri, koma kachulukidwe mphamvu ndi otsika kwambiri, ndipo pazipita Kutentha kutentha si mkulu.Kutentha kumachedwa pakuwotcherera, ndipo kutentha kwanthawi yayitali kumakhala kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zolimba m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha komanso kuchepetsa kulimba kwamphamvu, komwe kumayenera kukhazikika.Kuwongolera.Mosiyana, kuwotcherera ma elekitironi mtengo, kuwotcherera laser ndi njira zina mphamvu otsika, koma mkulu kachulukidwe mphamvu ndi kutentha mofulumira.Kutentha kwakukulu kumakhala nthawi yochepa, malo okhudzidwa ndi kutentha ndi ochepa kwambiri, ndipo palibe ngozi ya kukula kwa tirigu.
Kusintha magawo ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi kutengera miyeso zina ndondomeko monga preheating, postheating, Mipikisano wosanjikiza kuwotcherera ndi kulamulira interlayer kutentha akhoza kusintha ndi kulamulira kuwotcherera mkombero matenthedwe, potero kusintha weldability wa zitsulo.Ngati miyeso monga kutenthetsa musanayambe kuwotcherera kapena kutentha pambuyo pa kuwotcherera, ndizotheka kupeza zolumikizira zowotcherera popanda zolakwika zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira.
3. Zinthu zamapangidwe
Izo makamaka amatanthauza kamangidwe ka kapangidwe welded ndi zolumikizira welded, monga zotsatira za zinthu monga structural mawonekedwe, kukula, makulidwe, olowa poyambira mawonekedwe, weld masanjidwe ndi mawonekedwe ake mtanda gawo pa weldability.Chikoka chake chikuwonekera makamaka pakutengera kutentha ndi mphamvu.Makulidwe osiyanasiyana a mbale, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizirana kapena mawonekedwe a groove amakhala ndi mayendedwe osiyanasiyana othamangitsa kutentha ndi mitengo, zomwe zimakhudza momwe kristalo imayendera komanso kukula kwa mbewu padziwe losungunuka.Kusintha kwapangidwe, makulidwe a mbale ndi ma welds amatsimikizira kuuma ndi kudziletsa kwa olowa, zomwe zimakhudza kupsinjika kwa olowa.Kusauka kwa crystal morphology, kupsinjika kwakukulu komanso kupanikizika kwambiri ndi kuwotcherera ndizomwe zimapangidwira kupanga ming'alu yowotcherera.Pamapangidwe, kuchepetsa kuuma kwamagulu, kuchepetsa ma welds, komanso kuchepetsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimayambitsa kupsinjika ndi njira zonse zofunika kuti muchepetse kuwotcherera.
4. Zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito
Zimatanthawuza kutentha kwa ntchito, katundu wolemetsa ndi sing'anga yogwirira ntchito panthawi ya ntchito ya welded.Malo ogwirira ntchitowa ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito amafuna kuti zida zowotcherera zizikhala ndi magwiridwe antchito ofanana.Mwachitsanzo, zomangira zowotcherera zomwe zimagwira ntchito potentha pang'ono ziyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa fracture;zomanga zomwe zimagwira ntchito pa kutentha kwakukulu ziyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu;Zomangamanga zomwe zimagwira ntchito mosinthana katundu ziyenera kukhala ndi kukana kutopa kwabwino;nyumba zomwe zimagwira ntchito mu asidi, alkali kapena mchere wamchere Chidebe chowotcherera chiyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri ndi zina zotero.Mwachidule, momwe zinthu zimagwiritsidwira ntchito zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zimakhala zokwera kwambiri zomwe zimafunika kuti zigwirizane ndi welded, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zinthuzo ziwotchera.
Chizindikiritso ndi kuwunika index wa weldability wa zinthu zitsulo
Pa kuwotcherera ndondomeko, mankhwala akukumana kuwotcherera njira matenthedwe, zochita metallurgical, komanso kuwotcherera nkhawa ndi mapindikidwe, chifukwa mu kusintha mankhwala zikuchokera, metallographic dongosolo, kukula ndi mawonekedwe, kupanga ntchito ya welded olowa nthawi zambiri zosiyana ndi za zinthu zoyambira, nthawi zina ngakhale Zosakwanira kugwiritsa ntchito.Pazitsulo zambiri zowonongeka kapena zowonongeka, njira zowotcherera zapadera monga kuwotcherera kwa ma elekitironi kapena kuwotcherera kwa laser ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mfundo zapamwamba kwambiri.The zochepa zipangizo zinthu ndi zochepa zovuta chofunika kupanga wabwino welded olowa kuchokera zakuthupi, ndi bwino weldability wa zinthu;M'malo mwake, ngati njira zowotcherera zovuta komanso zokwera mtengo, zida zapadera zowotcherera ndi njira zoyeserera zimafunikira, zikutanthauza kuti zinthuzo The weldability ndi osauka.
Popanga zinthu, kuwotcherera kwa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyenera kuyesedwa kaye kuti muwone ngati zida zosankhidwa, zida zowotcherera, ndi njira zowotcherera zili zoyenera.Pali njira zambiri zowunika momwe zinthu zimawotchera.Njira iliyonse imatha kufotokoza mbali ina ya weldability.Chifukwa chake, kuyezetsa kumafunika kuti muwonetsetse kuti weldability.Njira zoyesera zitha kugawidwa m'mitundu yofananira ndi mtundu woyesera.Zakale zimatengera kutentha ndi kuzizira kwa kuwotcherera;mayesero otsiriza malinga ndi mmene kuwotcherera zinthu.Zomwe zimayesedwa makamaka ndikuwona kapangidwe kake, mawonekedwe a metallographic, makina amakina, kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa zolakwika zowotcherera zazitsulo zam'munsi ndi zitsulo zowotcherera, komanso kudziwa momwe kutentha kumagwirira ntchito, kutentha kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri, ndi kukana kwa mng'alu wa olowa.
kuwotcherera makhalidwe ambiri ntchito zitsulo zipangizo
1. Kuwotcherera kwa carbon steel
(1) Kuwotcherera kwachitsulo chochepa cha carbon
Chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chili ndi carbon low, manganese otsika ndi silicon.Nthawi zonse, sizingabweretse kulimba kwadongosolo kapena kuzimitsa chifukwa cha kuwotcherera.Chitsulo chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi pulasitiki yabwino kwambiri komanso kulimba kwake, ndipo pulasitiki ndi kulimba kwa zolumikizira zake zowotcherera zilinso zabwino kwambiri.Kutenthetsa ndi kutenthedwa pambuyo powotcherera nthawi zambiri sikufunikira pakuwotcherera, ndipo njira zapadera sizifunikira kuti mupeze zolumikizira zowotcherera ndi zokhutiritsa.Choncho, chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chili ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri yowotcherera ndipo ndi chitsulo chokhala ndi ntchito yabwino kwambiri pakati pazitsulo zonse..
(2) kuwotcherera wapakati mpweya zitsulo
Sing'anga mpweya zitsulo ali apamwamba mpweya okhutira ndi weldability wake ndi zoipa kuposa otsika mpweya zitsulo.Pamene CE ili pafupi ndi malire otsika (0.25%), kuwotcherera ndikwabwino.Pamene mpweya wa carbon ukuwonjezeka, chizolowezi chowumitsa chimawonjezeka, ndipo mawonekedwe otsika a pulasitiki martensite amapangidwa mosavuta m'madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.Pamene kuwotcherera kumakhala kolimba kapena zipangizo zowotcherera ndi ndondomeko zosankhidwa molakwika, ming'alu yozizira imatha kuchitika.Pamene kuwotcherera woyamba wosanjikiza wa Mipikisano wosanjikiza kuwotcherera, chifukwa cha gawo lalikulu la zitsulo m'munsi anasakaniza mu kuwotcherera, okhutira mpweya, sulfure ndi phosphorous okhutira kuwonjezeka, kupangitsa kukhala kosavuta kutulutsa ming'alu otentha.Kuphatikiza apo, kukhudzidwa kwa stomatal kumawonjezekanso pamene mpweya wa carbon uli wochuluka.
(3) Kuwotcherera kwachitsulo cha carbon high
Zitsulo zapamwamba za kaboni zokhala ndi CE zokulirapo kuposa 0.6% zimakhala zowuma kwambiri ndipo zimatha kupanga zolimba komanso zolimba kwambiri za carbon martensite.Ming'alu imakonda kuchitika m'malo omwe amawotcherera ndi kutentha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuwotcherera kukhala kovuta.Choncho, zitsulo zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zida zowotcherera, koma zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zigawo kapena zigawo zolimba kwambiri kapena kukana kuvala.Ambiri mwa kuwotcherera kwawo ndi kukonza zigawo zowonongeka.Izi mbali ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu ayenera annealed pamaso kuwotcherera kukonza kuchepetsa kuwotcherera ming'alu, ndiyeno kutentha mankhwala kachiwiri pambuyo kuwotcherera.
2. kuwotcherera otsika aloyi mkulu mphamvu zitsulo
Mpweya wa zitsulo zotsika kwambiri za alloy high-mphamvu nthawi zambiri sizidutsa 0.20%, ndipo zinthu zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri sizidutsa 5%.Ndi chifukwa chakuti chitsulo chochepa cha aloyi chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu zina za alloy zomwe ntchito yake yowotcherera imakhala yosiyana ndi ya carbon steel.Makhalidwe ake kuwotcherera ndi motere:
(1) Kuwotcherera ming’alu m’malo olowa
Chitsulo chozizira chochepa cha alloy chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri chimakhala ndi C, Mn, V, Nb ndi zinthu zina zomwe zimalimbitsa chitsulo, choncho zimakhala zosavuta kuumitsa panthawi yowotcherera.Zomangamangazi zolimbazi zimakhala zovuta kwambiri.Choncho, pamene kukhwima kuli kwakukulu kapena kupanikizika koletsa kuli kwakukulu, ngati njira yowotcherera yosayenera ingayambitse ming'alu yozizira mosavuta.Komanso, mtundu woterewu wa crack umakhala wochedwa ndipo ndi wovulaza kwambiri.
Reheat (SR) ming'alu Kuwotchanso ming'alu ndi ming'alu ya intergranular yomwe imapezeka m'dera la coarse-grained pafupi ndi mzere wosakanikirana panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha kwapambuyo pa weld kapena ntchito yotentha kwambiri.Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti zimachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri kwa kuwotcherera kumapangitsa V, Nb, Cr, Mo ndi ma carbides ena pafupi ndi HAZ kukhala olimba kusungunuka mu austenite.Sakhala ndi nthawi yoti azitha kuzizira pambuyo pa kuwotcherera, koma amabalalitsa ndi kugwa pa nthawi ya PWHT, motero amalimbitsa mawonekedwe a kristalo.M'kati mwake, kupunduka kwapang'onopang'ono panthawi yopumula kumakhazikika pamalire ambewu.
Otsika aloyi mkulu-mphamvu zitsulo zowotcherera olowa nthawi zambiri si sachedwa kutentha ming'alu, monga 16MnR, 15MnVR, etc. Komabe, kwa Mn-Mo-Nb ndi Mn-Mo-V mndandanda otsika aloyi mkulu-mphamvu zitsulo, monga 07MnCrMoVR, popeza Nb, V, ndi Mo ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zowonongeka zowonongeka, zitsulo zamtundu uwu zimafunika kuthandizidwa panthawi ya chithandizo cha kutentha pambuyo pa weld.Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe kutentha kwa kutentha kwa ming'alu ya kutenthetsanso kuti zisachitike ming'alu ya kutentha.
(2) Kukongoletsa ndi kufewetsa kwa zolumikizira zowotcherera
Kupsyinjika ukalamba embrittlement Welded olowa ayenera kukumana zosiyanasiyana ozizira njira (kumeta opanda kanthu, mbiya kugudubuza, etc.) pamaso kuwotcherera.Chitsulocho chidzatulutsa pulasitiki.Ngati malowo atenthedwanso mpaka 200 mpaka 450 ° C, kukalamba kudzakhala kovuta..Kupsyinjika kukalamba kumachepetsa pulasitiki yachitsulo ndikuwonjezera kutentha kwachimake, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zida zowonongeka ziwonongeke.Chithandizo cha kutentha kwa pambuyo pa weld chimatha kuthetsa kukalamba kotere kwa kapangidwe ka weld ndikubwezeretsa kulimba.
Kuwotcherera kwa ma welds ndi madera omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha Kuwotcherera ndi njira yotentha yotentha komanso yozizira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mawonekedwe osagwirizana.Kutentha kwa brittle transition of weld (WM) ndi zone yokhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) ndipamwamba kuposa yachitsulo choyambira ndipo ndi cholumikizira chofooka mu mgwirizano.Kuwotcherera mzere mphamvu zimakhudza kwambiri katundu wa otsika aloyi mkulu-mphamvu zitsulo WM ndi HAZ.Chitsulo chotsika kwambiri champhamvu ndi chosavuta kuumitsa.Ngati mphamvu ya mzereyo ndi yaying'ono kwambiri, martensite idzawonekera mu HAZ ndikuyambitsa ming'alu.Ngati mphamvu ya mzereyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri, njere za WM ndi HAZ zimakhala zolimba.Zimapangitsa kuti mkanganowo ukhale wolimba.Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zotentha komanso zokhazikika, mpweya wocheperako wozimitsidwa komanso chitsulo chotenthetsera chimakhala ndi chizolowezi chowopsa cha HAZ chomwe chimayamba chifukwa champhamvu kwambiri.Choncho, powotcherera, mphamvu ya mzere iyenera kukhala yosiyana kwambiri.
Kufewetsa kwa malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha kwa zolumikizira zowotcherera Chifukwa cha kutentha kowotcherera, kunja kwa gawo lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha (HAZ) la chitsulo chochepa cha carbon chozimitsidwa komanso chotenthetsera chimatenthedwa pamwamba pa kutentha kwanyengo, makamaka dera lomwe lili pafupi ndi Ac1, zomwe zidzatulutsa zone yofewa yokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa.Kufewetsa kwapangidwe m'dera la HAZ kumawonjezeka ndi kuwonjezeka kwa mphamvu zowotcherera mzere ndi kutentha kwa kutentha, koma nthawi zambiri mphamvu zowonongeka m'dera lofewa zimakhalabe zapamwamba kuposa malire apansi a mtengo wamtengo wapatali wazitsulo, kotero malo omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. zitsulo zamtundu uwu zimafewetsa Malingana ngati ntchitoyo ili yoyenera, vutoli silidzakhudza kugwira ntchito kwa mgwirizano.
3. Kuwotcherera chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chingagawidwe m'magulu anayi molingana ndi zitsulo zake zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha ferritic, chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha martensitic, ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic-ferritic duplex.Zotsatirazi zikuwunika kwambiri mawonekedwe awotcherera a chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha bidirectional.
(1) kuwotcherera kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic
Zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri za Austenitic ndizosavuta kuwotcherera kuposa zitsulo zina zosapanga dzimbiri.Sipadzakhala kusintha gawo pa kutentha kulikonse ndipo si tcheru kwa hydrogen embrittlement.Cholumikizira chachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic chimakhalanso ndi pulasitiki yabwino komanso kulimba mumtundu wowotcherera.The mavuto aakulu kuwotcherera ndi: kuwotcherera otentha akulimbana, embrittlement, intergranular dzimbiri ndi nkhawa dzimbiri, etc. Komanso, chifukwa osauka matenthedwe madutsidwe ndi lalikulu liniya kukula coefficient, kuwotcherera nkhawa ndi mapindikidwe ndi lalikulu.Pamene kuwotcherera, kutentha kwa kuwotcherera kuyenera kukhala kochepa momwe kungathekere, ndipo pasakhale kutentha, ndipo kutentha kwa interlayer kuyenera kuchepetsedwa.Kutentha kwapakati kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pansi pa 60 ° C, ndipo zolumikizira zowotcherera ziyenera kugwedezeka.Kuti muchepetse kuyika kwa kutentha, liwiro la kuwotcherera lisachuluke mopitilira muyeso, koma kuwotcherera kwapano kuyenera kuchepetsedwa moyenera.
(2) kuwotcherera kwa austenitic-ferritic njira ziwiri zosapanga dzimbiri
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha Austenitic-ferritic duplex ndi duplex chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chopangidwa ndi magawo awiri: austenite ndi ferrite.Zimaphatikiza ubwino wa zitsulo za austenitic ndi zitsulo za ferritic, choncho zimakhala ndi makhalidwe amphamvu kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kuwotcherera kosavuta.Pakadali pano, pali mitundu itatu yayikulu yazitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri ziwiri: Cr18, Cr21, ndi Cr25.Makhalidwe akuluakulu a mtundu uwu wa kuwotcherera zitsulo ndi: chizolowezi chochepa cha kutentha poyerekeza ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri cha austenitic;m'munsi embrittlement chizolowezi pambuyo kuwotcherera poyerekeza ndi koyera ferritic zosapanga dzimbiri zitsulo, ndi mlingo wa ferrite coarsening mu kuwotcherera kutentha anakhudzidwa zone Komanso m'munsi, kotero weldability bwino.
Popeza chitsulo chamtunduwu chimakhala ndi zinthu zabwino zowotcherera, kutenthetsa ndi kuzizira sikufunika pakuwotcherera.Ma mbale woonda ayenera kuwotcherera ndi TIG, ndipo mbale zapakati ndi zokhuthala zimatha kuwotcherera ndi kuwotcherera kwa arc.Powotcherera ndi kuwotcherera arc, ndodo zapadera zowotcherera zokhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi zitsulo zoyambira kapena zowotcherera za austenitic zokhala ndi mpweya wocheperako ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ma elekitirodi a aloyi opangidwa ndi Nickel amathanso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazitsulo zamtundu wa Cr25 zamitundu iwiri.
Zitsulo zamitundu iwiri zimakhala ndi gawo lokulirapo la ferrite, ndipo chibadwa cha zitsulo za ferritic, monga brittleness pa 475 ° C, σ phase precipitation embrittlement ndi coarse njere, zilipobe, kokha chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa austenite.Mpumulo wina ukhoza kupezedwa mwa kulinganiza, komabe muyenera kusamala mukawotcherera.Pamene kuwotcherera Ni-free kapena otsika-Ni duplex zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri, pali chizolowezi ferrite gawo limodzi ndi tirigu coarsening mu zone kutentha anakhudzidwa.Panthawi imeneyi, tcheru chiyenera kuperekedwa ku kulamulira kuwotcherera athandizira kutentha, ndi kuyesa ntchito yaing'ono panopa, mkulu kuwotcherera liwiro, ndi yopapatiza njira kuwotcherera.Ndipo kuwotcherera kwa ma pass-pass kuti ateteze kuswana kwa tirigu ndi gawo limodzi la ferriteization m'dera lomwe lakhudzidwa ndi kutentha.Kutentha kwapakati-osanjikiza sikuyenera kukhala kokwera kwambiri.Ndi bwino kuwotcherera chiphatso chotsatira pambuyo kuzirala.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-11-2023