Mawu Oyamba
Monga momwe thupi lagalimoto ndilonyamulira mbali zina zagalimoto, ukadaulo wake wopanga umatsimikizira mwachindunji mtundu wonse wagalimotoyo.Kuwotcherera ndi njira yofunika kwambiri popanga makina opanga magalimoto.Pakadali pano, matekinoloje owotcherera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwotcherera magalimoto amaphatikiza kuwotcherera malo, kuwotcherera kwa MIG, kuwotcherera kwa MAG ndi kuwotcherera kwa laser.
Laser kuwotcherera luso monga patsogolo optoelectromechanical kaphatikizidwe kuwotcherera luso, poyerekeza ndi chikhalidwe galimoto thupi kuwotcherera luso, ali ndi ubwino wa kachulukidwe mkulu mphamvu, mofulumira kuwotcherera liwiro, kupanikizika kwa kuwotcherera yaing'ono ndi mapindikidwe, ndi kusinthasintha wabwino.
Maonekedwe a thupi lagalimoto ndi ovuta, ndipo zigawo zake zimakhala zoonda komanso zopindika.Kuwotcherera thupi pagalimoto kumakumana ndi zovuta zina, monga kusintha kwa zinthu zathupi, makulidwe osiyanasiyana a ziwalo zathupi, njira zowotcherera zosiyanasiyana komanso mawonekedwe olumikizana.Kuphatikiza apo, kuwotcherera thupi kwagalimoto kumakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pamtundu wa kuwotcherera komanso kuchita bwino.
Kutengera magawo oyenera kuwotcherera, kuwotcherera kwa laser kumatha kutsimikizira mphamvu yakutopa kwambiri komanso kulimba kwazinthu zazikulu zagalimoto yamagalimoto, kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa kuwotcherera komanso moyo wautumiki wagalimoto yamagalimoto.Ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser umatha kuzolowera mitundu yosiyanasiyana yolumikizirana, makulidwe osiyanasiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yazowotcherera ziwalo zamagalimoto, kuti zikwaniritse zosowa zosinthika zopanga ma auto body.Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wa kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi njira yofunika kwambiri yopezera chitukuko chapamwamba chamakampani amagalimoto.
Laser kuwotcherera luso la galimoto thupi
Laser deep malowedwe kuwotcherera luso la galimoto galimoto
Mfundo ya laser deep malowedwe kuwotcherera ndondomeko (Chithunzi 1) ndi motere: pamene laser mphamvu kachulukidwe kufika pa mlingo winawake, pamwamba zinthu vaporizes, kupanga keyhole.Pamene zitsulo nthunzi kuthamanga mu dzenje kufika bwino bwino ndi mphamvu malo amodzi ndi kukangana pamwamba pa madzi ozungulira, laser akhoza walitsa mpaka pansi dzenje kudzera keyhole, ndi kayendedwe ka laser mtengo, mosalekeza. weld amapangidwa.Panthawi ya kuwotcherera kwakuya kwa laser, palibe chifukwa chowonjezera chowonjezera chothandizira kapena chodzaza, ndipo zida za workpiece zimatha kuwotcherera pamodzi.
CHITH.1 Schematic chithunzi cha laser deep malowedwe kuwotcherera ndondomeko
Kuwotcherera komwe kumapezeka ndi kuwotcherera kozama kwa laser nthawi zambiri kumakhala kosalala komanso kowongoka, ndipo mawonekedwe ake ndi ochepa, omwe amathandizira kukonza kulondola kwagalimoto yamagalimoto.Kulimba kwamphamvu kwa weld kumatsimikizira mtundu wa kuwotcherera kwa thupi lagalimoto.Kuthamanga kwa kuwotcherera ndikofulumira, komwe kumathandizira kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito.
Mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera galimoto thupi, ntchito laser kwambiri malowedwe kuwotcherera ndondomeko akhoza kwambiri kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha ziwalo, zisamere pachakudya ndi zida kuwotcherera, potero kuchepetsa kulemera kwa thupi ndi mtengo kupanga.Komabe, njira yowotcherera yozama ya laser ili ndi kulolerana koyipa kwa kusiyana kwa zigawo zowotcherera, ndipo kusiyana kwa msonkhano kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pakati pa 0.05 ndi 2 mm.Ngati kusiyana kwa msonkhano kuli kwakukulu, zolakwika zowotcherera monga pores zimachitika.
Kafukufuku panopa akusonyeza kuti kuwotcherera ndi zabwino padziko kupanga, zochepa zolakwika mkati ndi katundu kwambiri makina akhoza analandira ndi optimizing ndondomeko magawo a laser kwambiri malowedwe kuwotcherera mu kuwotcherera zinthu zomwezo za thupi galimoto.Zabwino kwambiri zamakina a weld zimatha kukwaniritsa zosowa za zigawo zowotcherera zagalimoto yamagalimoto.Komabe, mu kuwotcherera kwagalimoto yamagalimoto, ukadaulo wofananira wazitsulo wa laser wozama womwe umayimiridwa ndi aloyi wa aluminiyamu ndi chitsulo siwokhwima.Ngakhale nsonga zowotcherera zokhala ndi ntchito yabwino zitha kupezeka powonjezera zigawo zosinthira, mphamvu yamakina azinthu zosinthira pa IMC wosanjikiza ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito pa weld microstructure sizowoneka bwino, ndipo kafukufuku wina akufunika.
Magalimoto thupi laser waya kudzaza njira kuwotcherera
Mfundo ya laser filler waya kuwotcherera ndondomeko ndi motere: chowotcherera olowa amapangidwa ndi kudzaza chisanadze waya wina kuwotcherera mu weld kapena kudyetsa kuwotcherera waya nthawi imodzi pa ndondomeko kuwotcherera laser.Izi zikufanana ndi kulowetsa pafupifupi homogeneous kuwotcherera waya zakuthupi mu weld dziwe pa laser kulowa mwakuya kuwotcherera.Chithunzi chojambula cha njira yowotcherera waya ya laser filler ikuwonetsedwa Chithunzi 2.
CHITH.2 Schematic chithunzi cha laser kudzaza waya njira kuwotcherera
Poyerekeza ndi kuwotcherera kwakuya kwa laser, kuwotcherera waya wa laser kuli ndi zabwino ziwiri pakuwotcherera kwa thupi: choyamba, kumatha kusintha kwambiri kulolerana kwa kusiyana kwa gulu pakati pa ziwalo za thupi kuti ziwotcherera, ndikuthana ndi vuto lomwe kuwotcherera kwakuya kwa laser. kumafuna kuchotsedwa kwa groove kwambiri;Chachiwiri, kagawidwe ka minofu ya malo owotcherera amatha kupitilizidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya owotcherera omwe ali ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, ndiyeno ntchito yowotcherera imatha kuyendetsedwa.
Pakupanga thupi lagalimoto, njira yowotcherera waya ya laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakuwotcherera aloyi ya aluminiyamu ndi ziwalo zachitsulo zathupi.Makamaka pakuwotcherera mbali za aluminiyamu aloyi yagalimoto, kugwedezeka kwapamadzi kwamadzi osungunuka ndikocheperako, komwe ndikosavuta kupangitsa kugwa kwa dziwe losungunuka, ndipo njira yowotcherera waya ya laser imatha kuthetsa vuto la kugwa kwa dziwe losungunuka. posungunula waya wowotcherera.
Ukadaulo wa laser brazing wagalimoto yamagalimoto
Mfundo ya laser brazing process ndi motere: laser imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gwero la kutentha, mtengo wa laser umawunikiridwa pamwamba pa waya wowotcherera utatha kuyang'ana, waya wowotcherera umasungunuka, waya wosungunuka umatsika ndikudzazidwa pakati mbali kuti welded, ndi zotsatira metallurgical monga kusungunuka ndi kufalikira kumachitika pakati pa zitsulo filler ndi workpiece, kotero kuti workpiece chikugwirizana.Mosiyana ndi njira yowotcherera waya wa laser, njira yopangira laser imangosungunula waya ndipo sichisungunula chogwirira ntchito kuti chiwotchedwe.Kuwotcherera kwa laser kumakhala ndi kukhazikika kowotcherera, koma kulimba kwa weld ndikotsika.CHITH.3 ikuwonetsa kugwiritsa ntchito njira ya laser brazing mu kuwotcherera kwa chivindikiro chagalimoto.
CHITH.3 Kugwiritsa ntchito laser brazing mu galimoto: (a) laser kuwotcherera hood kumbuyo;(b) Chithunzi chojambula cha laser brazing
Mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera galimoto galimoto, laser brazing ndondomeko makamaka kuwotcherera mbali thupi ndi otsika olowa mphamvu zofunika, monga kuwotcherera pakati pa chivundikiro pamwamba ndi mbali khoma la thupi, kuwotcherera pakati pa kumtunda ndi kumunsi kwa thunthu. chivundikiro, etc., Volkswagen, Audi ndi zitsanzo zina mkulu-mapeto a chivundikiro pamwamba ntchito laser brazing ndondomeko.
The zolakwika waukulu laser brazing kuwotcherera msoko wa galimoto thupi monga m'mphepete kuluma, porosity, kuwotcherera mapindikidwe, etc. The zolakwika akhoza kuponderezedwa mwachionekere ndi kusintha magawo ndondomeko ndi ntchito Mipikisano cholinga laser brazing ndondomeko.
Laser arc composite kuwotcherera ukadaulo wamagalimoto amgalimoto
Mfundo ya laser-arc composite kuwotcherera ndondomeko motere: ntchito magwero awiri kutentha kwa laser ndi arc kuchita pamwamba pa workpiece kuti welded pa nthawi yomweyo, workpiece ndi kusungunuka ndi olimba kupanga weld.Chithunzi 4 chikuwonetsa chojambula cha laser-arc composite kuwotcherera.
CHITH.4 Chithunzi chojambula cha laser-arc composite kuwotcherera
Kuwotcherera kwa laser-arc kuli ndi ubwino wa kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi kuwotcherera kwa arc: choyamba, pansi pa magwero a kutentha awiri, liwiro la kuwotcherera limakhala bwino, kulowetsa kutentha kumakhala kochepa, kutsekemera kwa weld ndi kochepa, ndi makhalidwe a laser kuwotcherera. zimasungidwa;Chachiwiri, ili ndi luso lotsekera bwino komanso kulolerana kwakukulu kwa kusiyana kwa msonkhano;Chachitatu, kulimba kwa dziwe losungunuka ndi pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zimathandiza kuthetsa zolakwika zowotcherera monga pores ndi ming'alu, ndikuwongolera mapangidwe ndi machitidwe a malo omwe akhudzidwa ndi kutentha.Chachinayi, chifukwa cha mphamvu ya arc, imatha kuwotcherera zida zowoneka bwino komanso kutenthetsa kwambiri, komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zogwiritsira ntchito ndizokulirapo.
Popanga matupi agalimoto, njira yowotcherera ya laser-arc composite makamaka ndiyo kuwotcherera zigawo za aluminiyamu aloyi yathupi ndi zitsulo zotayidwa ndi zitsulo zofananira, ndipo kuwotcherera kumapangidwira magawo omwe ali ndi mipata yayikulu, monga kuwotcherera mbali zina. chitseko chagalimoto, chifukwa kusiyana kwa msonkhano kumathandizira kusewera kwa mlatho wa laser-arc composite kuwotcherera.Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser-MIG arc umagwiritsidwanso ntchito kumtunda wapamwamba wa gulu la Audi.
Mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera galimoto galimoto, laser-arc gulu kuwotcherera ali ndi ubwino kusiyana kusiyana kulolerana kuposa kuwotcherera limodzi laser, koma udindo wachibale wa laser ndi arc, laser kuwotcherera magawo, arc magawo ndi zinthu zina ziyenera kuganiziridwa mozama.Kutentha ndi kusuntha kwa misa mu kuwotcherera kwa laser-arc ndizovuta, makamaka njira yoyendetsera mphamvu ndi makulidwe a IMC ndi kuwongolera kapangidwe kazinthu zosiyanasiyana zowotcherera sizikudziwikabe, ndipo kafukufuku wina akufunika.
Zina zamagalimoto thupi laser kuwotcherera njira
Kuwotcherera kozama kwa laser, kuwotcherera kwa waya wa laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi laser-arc kompositi ndi njira zina zowotcherera zakhala chiphunzitso chokhwima komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zambiri.Ndikusintha kwazomwe makampani amagalimoto amafunikira pakuchita bwino kwa kuwotcherera kwa thupi komanso kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa kuwotcherera kwa zida zosiyanasiyana popanga magalimoto opepuka, kuwotcherera ma laser spot, kuwotcherera kwa laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser ndi kuwotcherera ndege za laser zakhala tcheru. ku.
Njira yowotcherera mawanga a laser
Kuwotcherera kwa laser ndiukadaulo wapamwamba wazowotcherera wa laser, womwe uli ndi zabwino zake mwachangu komanso kulondola kwambiri.Mfundo yaikulu ya kuwotcherera malo a laser ndikuyang'ana mtengo wa laser mpaka pamalo enaake kuti zitsulo zisungunuke, kuti zitsulozo zisungunuke nthawi yomweyo, posintha kachulukidwe ka laser kuti akwaniritse kuwotcherera kwa matenthedwe kapena kuphatikizika kwambiri. , pamene mtengo wa laser usiya kugwira ntchito, zitsulo zamadzimadzi zimatulukanso, zolimba kuti zikhale zogwirizana.
Pali mitundu iwiri ikuluikulu ya kuwotcherera laser malo: pulsed laser spot kuwotcherera ndi mosalekeza laser malo kuwotcherera.Pulsed laser spot kuwotcherera laser mtengo pachimake mphamvu ndi mkulu, koma kanthu nthawi yochepa, makamaka ntchito aloyi magnesium, zotayidwa aloyi ndi zina kuwotcherera zitsulo kuwala.Wapakati mphamvu ya laser mtengo mu mosalekeza laser malo kuwotcherera ndi mkulu, laser kanthu nthawi yaitali, ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwotcherera zitsulo.
Pankhani ya kuwotcherera galimoto thupi, poyerekeza ndi kukana malo kuwotcherera, laser malo kuwotcherera ali ndi ubwino sanali kukhudzana, malo kuwotcherera trajectory akhoza kupangidwa paokha, etc., amene angakwaniritse zofunikira za kuwotcherera apamwamba pansi mipata osiyana lap lap magalimoto thupi zipangizo.
Laser kuwotcherera ndondomeko
Kuwotcherera kwa laser ndiukadaulo watsopano wowotcherera wa laser womwe waperekedwa m'zaka zaposachedwa, womwe wakhala ukukhudzidwa kwambiri.Mfundo ya teknolojiyi ndi: mwa kuphatikiza gulu la galvanometer pamutu wowotcherera wa laser, mtanda wa laser umakhala wofulumira, mwadongosolo komanso pang'ono, kuti ukwaniritse zotsatira za mtanda wa laser ukupita patsogolo pamene ukugwedeza.
Njira zazikulu zosinthira pakuwotcherera kwa laser kumaphatikizapo kugwedezeka, kugwedezeka kwautali, kugwedezeka kozungulira komanso kugwedezeka kosatha.Njira yowotcherera ya laser imakhala ndi zabwino zambiri pakuwotcherera kwa thupi lagalimoto.Pansi pa kugwedezeka kwa mtengo wa laser, mawonekedwe otaya a dziwe losungunuka amasinthidwa kwambiri.Choncho, ndondomeko sangathe kuthetsa unfused chilema, kukwaniritsa mbewu kuyenga ndi kupondereza porosity mu kuwotcherera yemweyo galimoto thupi zakuthupi.Kuphatikiza apo, imathanso kukonza mavuto monga kusakanizika kosakwanira kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana komanso kusauka kwamakina a ma welds mu kuwotcherera kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamagalimoto.
Multi-laser mtengo kuwotcherera ndondomeko
Pakali pano, kuwala CHIKWANGWANI laser akhoza kugawidwa mu matabwa angapo laser ndi gawo ziboda anaika mu kuwotcherera mutu.Mipikisano laser mtengo kuwotcherera n'chimodzimodzi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito magwero ambiri kutentha mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera, ndi kusintha kagawidwe mphamvu ya mtengo, matabwa osiyana akhoza kukwaniritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana, monga: mtengo ndi apamwamba kachulukidwe mphamvu ndiye mtengo waukulu, udindo wakuya. kuwotcherera kulowa;Kutsika kwamphamvu kwa mtengowo kumatha kuyeretsa ndikutenthetsa pamwamba pa zinthuzo, ndikuwonjezera kuyamwa kwamphamvu yamtengo wa laser ndi zinthuzo.
Zida zachitsulo zolimba kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamagalimoto amgalimoto.Mipikisano laser mtengo kuwotcherera luso akhoza kusintha evaporation khalidwe nthaka nthunzi ndi makhalidwe amphamvu a dziwe wosungunula mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera kanasonkhezereka mbale zitsulo, kusintha vuto sputtering, ndi kumapangitsanso amakokedwe mphamvu ya weld.
Njira yowotcherera ndege ya laser
Ukadaulo wowotcherera ndege wa laser ndiukadaulo watsopano wowotcherera wa laser, womwe uli ndi kuthekera kwakukulu kowotcherera ndipo ungathe kupangidwa paokha.Mfundo yayikulu yowotcherera ndege ya laser ndikuti pamene mtengo wa laser umachitika pagalasi la X ndi Y lagalasi loyang'ana, Angle ya galasi imayendetsedwa ndi pulogalamu yodziyimira pawokha kuti ikwaniritse kupotoza kwa mtengo wa laser pa angle iliyonse.
The miyambo laser kuwotcherera thupi galimoto makamaka amadalira synchronous kayendedwe ka laser kuwotcherera mutu loyendetsedwa ndi kuwotcherera loboti kukwaniritsa kuwotcherera zotsatira.Komabe, kuwotcherera kwamphamvu kwa thupi lagalimoto kumakhala kochepa kwambiri chifukwa cha kubwereza bwereza kwa loboti yowotcherera chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa ma weld komanso kutalika kwa ma welds.Mosiyana ndi izi, kuwotcherera kwa ndege ya laser kumangofunika kusintha Angle ya galasi kuti akwaniritse kuwotcherera mkati mwamitundu ina.Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wowotcherera ndege wa laser ukhoza kusintha kwambiri kuwotcherera komanso kukhala ndi mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito.
Chidule ndi chiyembekezo
Ndi chitukuko cha makampani magalimoto, tsogolo luso kuwotcherera thupi adzapitiriza kukhala mbali ziwiri: ndondomeko kuwotcherera ndi wanzeru luso.
Galimoto thupi, makamaka latsopano mphamvu galimoto thupi, akukula molunjika wopepuka.Ma aloyi opepuka, zida zophatikizika ndi zida zofananira zidzagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'thupi lagalimoto, njira yowotcherera ya laser ndiyovuta kukwaniritsa zofunikira zake, kotero njira yowotcherera yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yothandiza idzakhala chitukuko chamtsogolo.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, njira zowotcherera za laser, monga kuwotcherera kwa laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser, kuwotcherera kwa laser, kuwongolera ndege, ndi zina zambiri, zakhala zoyambira zongopeka komanso kufufuza njira potengera mtundu wa kuwotcherera komanso magwiridwe antchito.M'tsogolomu, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza njira yowotcherera ya laser yomwe ikubwera ndi zida zopepuka komanso zinthu zofananira zowotcherera zowonera zagalimoto yamagalimoto, kuchita kafukufuku wozama pamapangidwe a laser mtengo wa swing trajectory, njira yamachitidwe amagetsi opangira ma laser ambiri. ndi kuwongolera njira zowotcherera ndege, ndikuwunika njira yowotcherera yopepuka yopepuka yagalimoto.
Ukadaulo wowotcherera wa laser wamagalimoto amalumikizidwa kwambiri ndiukadaulo wanzeru.Lingaliro lanthawi yeniyeni la kuwotcherera kwa laser la thupi lagalimoto komanso kuwongolera mayankho pamagawo azinthu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwotcherera.Ukadaulo wanzeru wamakono wowotcherera wa laser umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pokonzekera kukonzekera ndi kutsatira ndikuwunika pambuyo pakuwotcherera.Kunyumba ndi kunja, kafukufuku pa kuwotcherera chilema kudziwika ndi chizindikiro adaptive kulamulira akadali mu siteji koyamba, ndi laser kuwotcherera ndondomeko chizindikiro adaptive kulamulira luso silinagwiritsidwe ntchito mu kupanga galimoto thupi.
Choncho, poganizira makhalidwe ntchito laser kuwotcherera luso mu ndondomeko kuwotcherera thupi galimoto, ndi wanzeru zomverera dongosolo laser kuwotcherera ndi zapamwamba Mipikisano masensa monga pachimake ndi mkulu-liwiro ndi mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane kuwotcherera loboti kulamulira dongosolo ayenera kukhala. opangidwa m'tsogolo kuonetsetsa zenizeni nthawi ndi zolondola mbali zonse za luso laser kuwotcherera wanzeru.Tsegulani ulalo wa "pre-welding trajectory planning - parameter adaptive control ya kuwotcherera khalidwe pa intaneti pambuyo kuwotcherera" kuonetsetsa apamwamba ndi imayenera processing.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-16-2023